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• W1735083076 abstract "We develop numerical models of hydrothermal convection at oceanic spreading centers to understand the interplay between deeply circulating high-temperature hydrothermal fluid and cooler seawater circulating in basalts of the upper crust. We assume the deep circulation follows an idealized single-pass geometry and consider the effects of the thickness h and permeability of the extrusive layer kext both on the shallow circulation and on the temperature and heat output of the high-temperature discharge. We also attempt to model the effect of mineral precipitation on mixing in the shallow crust by emplacing a low-permeability vertical barrier in the extrusives to separate the high-temperature discharge from the circulation in the extrusives. Finally, we investigate the effects of temperature-dependent permeability on the mixing scenarios. The results show that maximum discharge temperature Tv is impacted more by the ratio kext/kd, where kd is the permeability of the deep discharge channel, than by h. Generally, high-temperature discharge (Tv > 250°C) occurs provided kd > kext. In this case, the presence of a low-permeability barrier further enhances Tv. Low-temperature discharge (Tv 10kd. For systems such as the Galapagos Spreading Center, where vent temperatures are ∼20°C, kext/kd > 104, and the extrusive layer is likely to be thick. The results also suggest that sites of diffuse flow will occur either between high-temperature vents along the ridge axis or off axis. The chemical composition of the fluid at these distal sites would be seawater, perhaps modified by low-temperature water-rock reactions. In contrast, the diffuse flow fluids near high-temperature vents are mixture of seawater with high-temperature hydrothermal fluid. Finally, the results show that the 150°C isotherm, which lies nearly horizontally at some distance from the discharge channel, may be within the extrusive layer, near the extrusive-dike interface, or within the low-permeability dike layer. This result supports the idea that the seismically defined layer 2A-2B boundary within the oceanic crust may represent a mineral precipitation front rather than a lithologic boundary." @default.
• W1735083076 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1735083076 date "2007-10-01" @default.
• W1735083076 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1735083076 title "Numerical simulations of single-pass hydrothermal convection at mid-ocean ridges: Effects of the extrusive layer and temperature-dependent permeability" @default.
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• W1735083076 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001653" @default.
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