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- W1735224341 abstract "A physical quantity in quantum mechanics is given by the expectation of its corresponding observable. Usually the phase of the wave function will disappear due to the cancellation of the phase in the wave function and in its complex conjugate. Thus, direct information regarding the phase is not straightforwardly obtainable. However, the phase of a wave function is nontrivial and sometimes has important implications. For example, in the Aharonov-Bohm [1] effect, the wave function for the electron path across a region without a magnetic field will accumulate phase through the nonvanishing vector potential. The interference of wave functions from different paths manifests the flux quantization behavior. Another profound example is Berry’s phase. A quantum system under an adiabatic loop change of parameter will get a global phase in the wave function in addition to the dynamical phase, and the former phase depends on the path taken. Since the appearance of Berry’s classic paper [2], there are extensive theoretical and experimental investigations [3] on this subject. There are also other many interesting discussions on the phase problem of quantum mechanics [4]. Incidently, since the ingenious experimental realization of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in dilute alkali gases in 1995 [5], BEC experiments are available worldwide now. The order parameter which describes the condensate can be well approximated by the nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Because the order parameter is a measurable macroscopic matter wave, the equation provides a convenient and useful test case for the study of the phase in a matter wave. Ketterle et al. [6] constructed a double-well condensate by adding a far-blue detuned off-resonant laser light to the cigar-shaped trap. The contrast interference pattern from the free expansion of the two condensates of each trapping well shows that the matter waves are coherent throughout the spatial extent. A theoretical study [7] through the evolution of the Wigner function has been reported." @default.
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- W1735224341 date "2005-10-01" @default.
- W1735224341 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1735224341 title "The phase of a bose-einstein condensate by the interference of matter waves" @default.
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