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• W17354003 abstract "IntroductionBody image refers to a person's attitudes toward and evaluations of his or her body (Cash, 2004). Most body image literature has focused on younger women and girls with only a small fraction addressing older women (Clarke, 2002). The literature that exists, however, suggests that body image is experienced and processed differently by older women than younger women (Peat, Peyerl, & Muehlenkamp, 2008). For example, some research suggests that older women place less importance on appearance than younger women and are less likely to experience negative outcomes of poor body image such as eating disorders (Ferrara, et al., 2008). Because women experience physical and attitudinal changes across the life course, we cannot assume that body image research conducted among younger women is generalizable to older women (Whitbourne & Skultety, 2002). Therefore, additional research is needed to understand older women's body image and its role in their lives (Hurd, 2000).Similarly, the relative dearth of literature on older women's leisure has stimulated calls for additional studies (Gibson, 2006; Son, Kerstetter, Yarnal, & Baker, 2007). Existing research suggests that leisure plays an important role in the everyday lives of older women (Hutchinson & Wexler, 2007; Riddick, 1993), that leisure desires and patterns change as women age (Anderton, Fitzgerald, & Laidler, 1995), and that older women face unique leisure constraints (Alexandris & Carroll, 1997; Wearing, 1995). Furthermore, recent research has begun to address the scarcity of literature regarding leisure and aging and has highlighted the importance of leisure in the aging process (e.g., Dionigi, 2006; Kleiber, McGuire, Aybar-Damali, & Norman, 2008; Nimrod, 2007). However, further research is needed to specifically address the meanings of leisure for older women and the constraints they face in their everyday leisure (Gibson & Ashton, 2004).Research has shown that the body plays an unmistakable role in the experience of leisure for younger women and girls (Cronan & Scott, 2008; Edensor & Richards, 2007; Yarnal, Hutchinson, & Chow, 2006), yet little research has addressed the role of the body in older women's leisure. Research among younger women has suggested that poor body image represents a constraint to leisure participation and to the enjoyment of leisure experiences (Frederick & Shaw, 1995; James, 2000; Liechty, Freeman, & Zabriskie, 2006). Although leisure researchers have identified body image as a leisure constraint, few have addressed the intricacies of the relationship and none have addressed this issue for older women. As the proportion of the population comprised of older women increases (Manton, Gu, & Lowrimore, 2008; Wiener & Tilly, 2002), it is important to identify constraints to older women's leisure in order to develop strategies for facilitating leisure participation and provide appropriate leisure opportunities for older women. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to explore what role, if any, body image plays in older women's leisure.Literature ReviewResearchers have identified body image as a potential leisure constraint for women (Henderson, Stalnaker, & Taylor, 1988), yet little research has addressed this issue (Liechty et al., 2006). Furthermore, current research has only studied body image as a leisure constraint among younger women and girls (e.g., Frederick & Shaw, 1995; James, 2000) despite evidence that both body image (Ferrara et al., 2008) and leisure participation (Cutler & Hendricks, 1990) change with age. Thus, we examined three bodies of literature to provide a guiding framework for this study and to enhance our theoretical sensitivity (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). The conceptual areas explored included: a) body image and aging; b) body image as a leisure constraint; and c) older women's leisure.Body Image and AgingAccording to Cash (2004), body image integrally affects a person's everyday life experiences and tends to pose a greater concern for women than for men. …" @default.
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• W17354003 title "The role of body image in older women's leisure." @default.
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