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- W173645435 abstract "Although the zygote is the totipotent precursor of every cell that is destined to be produced in an organism, it is itself a transient cell. The immediate progeny of the zygote are also transient cells which divide, differentiate and alter progressively, halving in size without subsequent compensatory growth after each cleavage division. The cleavage divisions which commence with the first division of the zygote a day or so after fertilization establish a small population of such transient primordial cells together with an enormous accumulation of positional information. Within a week of fertilization these events culminate in the generation of several populations of stem cells. In contrast to primordial cells which are totipotent and transient, stem cells are the multipotent or unipotent constituents of self-maintaining populations, each of which is capable of maintaining its own size, while exporting an appropriate output of precursors to one or more lineages. The zygote and its immediate progeny are thus stem cell precursors but as they do not constitute a self-maintaining population they are not stem cells. They are prestem cells from which stem cells can be derived both in vivo and in vitro. Stem cells derived from prestem cells in vitro are currently termed ‘embryonic stem cells’ (ES-cells) but this is not a satisfactory designation because they must be clearly distinguished from embryonic stem cells derived from prestem cells in vivo. Embryonic stem cells derived from prestem cells in vivo are currently classified with adult stem cells, which is equally irrational and no less confusing! Embryonic stem cells generated spontaneously in vivo (ESC-GS) are different from embryonic stem cells induced artificially in vitro (ESC-IA), which ‘are off the normal pathway but can readily revert onto it’ (Evans & Hunter, C. R. Biologies, 325, 2002). They can be conveniently distinguished as ESC-GS and ESC-IA, respectively. Trophoblast stem cells (TSC) can be similarly designated as TSC-GS and TSC-IA. At the same time the use of the term ‘prestem cell’ (PSC) to designate a stem cell precursor in – or isolated from – a preimplantation embryo, would help to avoid confusion and might be useful for legislative purposes. The term fetal stem cell must of course be retained." @default.
- W173645435 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W173645435 date "2004-12-01" @default.
- W173645435 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W173645435 title "22: The relationship between primordial cells, stem cells generated spontaneously in vivo and stem cells induced artificially in vitro" @default.
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