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- W174187162 abstract "In general, difficulties arise when results of complicated theoretical considerations must be presented in a simple, but physically correct manner. This statement also holds for Einstein’s theory of opalescence, which serves as a basis for the interpretation of the light scattering of dilute (colloidal) solutions. The difficulty of the task becomes obvious, when text books and review articles are considered. Too often, authors confine themselves to a mere citation of the original paper by Einstein, or give an inadequate presentation. For introductory teaching Smoluchowski’s fluctuation axioma is very adequate in deriving an expression for the mean square fluctuation 〈δc 2〉 of concentration. According to this imaginative axioma, the average work of unmixing is just equal to kT/2. In equilibrium, Gibbs’ free energy of the system, which is assumed to consist of N physical volume elements (1, 2, ... N), has only a conditioned minimum. As a consequence, one is not allowed to conclude that δG/δc i =0. In fact, for the concentrations in the volume elements one has the extra condition Σc i =N〈c〉=constant or 〈δc i 〉=0." @default.
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- W174187162 date "2007-12-18" @default.
- W174187162 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W174187162 title "Teaching the theory of light scattering of dilute solutions in an introductory course" @default.
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- W174187162 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0117055" @default.
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