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• W174477840 abstract "Human helminthiases are common in China, especially in rural areas where sanitation conditions are poor. The soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura, are two of the most common STHs in China and are found predominantly in the southern provinces. Also highly endemic to the Yangtze River basin region is Schistosoma japonicum. This research was primarily undertaken to investigate the genetic susceptibility of helminth infection in the Poyang Lake region, Jiangxi Province,, China with a particular focus on the genetics underlying risk of S. japonicum re-infection and acute infection. Further, candidate markers of fibrosis were investigated to assess their potential for assessing disease stage and the progression of schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 3205 individuals belonging to 498 families from 5 villages in the Poyang Lake. All individuals were assessed for helminth infection and interviewed to collect information on potential risk factors for infection. The prevalences for Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma japonicum and Trichuris trichiura were 30.9%, 15.7% and 47%, respectively. Water contact was identified as a major risk factor for the three helminth species. In addition, significant associations were observed between T. trichiura infection and both A. lumbroicoides and S. japonicum infection. Variance components analysis was undertaken to investigate the aggregation of single, co- and multiple helminth species infections. While A. lumbricoides aggregated predominantly at a household level, T. trichiura was shown to cluster in families. Both genetic and household effects were important in determining the risk of infection with S. japonicum. Variance components analysis for A. lumbricoides/T. trichiura and S. japonicum/T. trichiura co- infections indicated a significant domestic environmental effect, attributable for 32.7% and 43.2% of the coinfection risk, respectively. The risk of infection with multiple helminth species, although mainly environmentally influenced, also demonstrated significant involvement of genetic and household components. The results of this study indicated that shared household was a major contributing risk factor for helminth co- infections and that susceptibility to one helminth infection was not completely independent of another, indicating that common genetic factors underlying infection with multiple helminth species may exist. Further, the results of the study emphasise the need for improved sanitation and hygiene conditions to prevent parasite transmission. Genetic studies of human susceptibility to Schistosoma infections have previously identified a genetic locus determining infection intensity with S. mansoni, in the 5q31-33 region of the human genome which contains the gene-cluster encoding IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines. In a nested case-control study, 31 tagged SNPs across this region were genotyped in individuals from the Poyang Lake area identified as putatively susceptible to re- infection or acute infection, or resistant to infection with S. japonicum. The results indicated no significant association at a global level between re-infection susceptibility and any individual tagged-SNPs or haplotype blocks in the IL-4, IL-5 or IL-13 genes. Two SNPs in IL-5, however, demonstrated a globally significant association with susceptibility to acute infection. These SNPs belong to the same haplotype block located in the 3’-UTR region of IL-5 and suggest that variants in this region of IL-5 may modulate the acute response to infection observed in these individuals. Soluble ICAM-1 and TNF receptors I and II have shown association with liver inflammation in murine studies of schistosomal infection and in human hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni. Serum levels of sICAM-1, TNFR-I and TNFR-II were measured in 35 acute patients, 45 chronic patients, 34 advanced patients and 20 nonexposed controls. There were significantly elevated levels of all three markers in acute and advanced patients compared to the chronic and control groups. Both sTNFR-II and sICAM-1 levels correlated positively with infection intensity and there were also significant correlations observed between sICAM-1 levels and eosinophil count. Although there were significantly higher levels of antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG in infected individuals compared to controls, there was no correlation with infection intensity or between the acute and chronic groups. In conclusion, an active humoral immune response is typical of current infection whilst sTNFRs and sICAM-1 are involved in liver inflammation and disease progression. Consequently, measurement of sTNFR-II and sICAM-1 levels in serum could serve as additional markers for the diagnosis of acute stage disease and the monitoring of hepatic inflammation in human schistosomiasis japonica." @default.
• W174477840 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W174477840 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W174477840 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W174477840 title "FAMILIAL AGGREGATION OF HUMAN HELMINTH INFECTION: A FOCUS ON GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA AND ASSOCIATED MARKERS OF DISEASE" @default.
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