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• W176590989 endingPage "1215" @default.
• W176590989 startingPage "1197" @default.
• W176590989 abstract "Concurrent with a markedly improved life expectancy for women, attention has been increasingly focused on both age-associated reproductive and metabolic issues. With regard to the reproductive axis it is clear that the ability to achieve and maintain a successful pregnancy declines as a function of age. Although much of this decrease in reproductive potential may reflect changes in the quality of oocytes, it is also possible that age-associated alterations in the reproductive components of the neuroendocrine axis may contribute to this process. However, whether changes in the function of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity and/or in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by anterior pituitary gonadotropes are a direct consequence of the aging process, or simply reflect changes in gonadal feedback is unclear. An improved understanding of just how the process of aging adversely affects hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function may allow for significantly improved methods with which to enhance fertility in the aging female population. With regard to the somatotropic axis, both hypothalamo-pituitary disease and aging are associated with variable degrees of hypo-somatotropism, the latter defined as depletion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Both contexts are accompanied by evident dyslipidemia, increased cardiovascular mortality, greater visceral adiposity, reduced bone and muscle mass, impaired psychosocial well-being, and restricted physical aerobic performance. Postmenopausal women manifest combined reductions in systemic GH and estrogen availability. Hypoestrogenemia is relevant to progressive GH deprivation, because repletion of estradiol drives GH secretion in the ovariprival subject. Aggregate clinical data establish this precept in relation to normal and precocious puberty in girls; GnRH agonist-induced downregulation of the gonadal axis in young women; ovariectomy in premenopausal individuals; controlled ovulation induction; short-term administration of antiestrogens; and replacement therapy with diverse estrogens delivered via any of oral, transdermal, intravenous, intranasal, intravaginal, and intramuscular routes. This overview highlights specific neuroendocrine mechanisms by which estradiol stimulates pulsatile GH secretion in the postmenopausal woman." @default.
• W176590989 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W176590989 creator A5003698342 @default.
• W176590989 creator A5004497797 @default.
• W176590989 creator A5083520344 @default.
• W176590989 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W176590989 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W176590989 title "Effects of Aging on Gonadotropin/Ovarian and Growth Hormone/Ovarian Relationships in Normal Women" @default.
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