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• W176805579 abstract "There currently exists no available model for predicting the Sauter mean diameter, D32, from the key process variables for mechanical flotation machines. This is seen as a significant shortcoming since flotation is a surface area (of bubbles) dependent process, the key metric being the surface area flux, Sb, defined as 6 Jg/ D32, where Jg is the superficial gas velocity. Knowledge of how key variables affect the distribution (BSD), and hence Sb, is seen as an essential component of process understanding and optimization. The objective of this work was to develop a mathematical expression for D32 based on the key process variables of frother type and concentration, superficial gas velocity, power intensity (impeller tip speed), liquid viscosity, and altitude (elevation above sea level). In order to effectively measure the BSD that links to the Sb leaving the pulp phase, a relatively large 700 liter cell, a Metso RCS™ 0.8 m3 pilot unit, was selected. This unit, having an internal shelf baffle, produced separation of turbulent (near impeller) and quiescent (near froth) regions, ensuring that the measured BSD was truly reflective of the surface area flux leaving the pulp zone. Failure to adequately address this has been a shortcoming of work by others. The Metso unit was powered by a variable speed drive that permitted an 8-fold increase in power intensity covering the full range of industrial impeller tip speed (4.6 to 9.2 m/s). Five frothers were tested, covering a broad range in types including alcohols and polyglycols, Viscosity was modeled by varying water temperature between 4 and 40 oC. Altitude was modeled by varying gas density, an air-helium mixture fed to a smaller 5.5 liter laboratory Denver cell. The McGill gas dispersion sensors; viewer and Jg probe, were used for measurement. The work showed that the effect on D32 for all frothers can be normalized to the same set of curves when dividing concentration by a frother's CCC95 value. The notion of CCC95 is introduced and is equivalent to Laskowski's CCC (critical coalescence concentration) but more suitable for mathematical analysis and model development. It represents the frother concentration (ppm) for which 95% reduction in D32 has been achieved. Frother concentration was found to be the variable with the largest impact on D32 and is modeled with an exponential decay function that reaches a limiting at frother concentration exceeding the CCC95 value. Higher CCC95 results in a lower limiting size. It appears that the CCC95 value for a frother may be predicted from its' basic molecular structure using the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance/Mol. Wt. parameter. It was also found that the CCC95 value for a frother increases with increasing Jg. D32 was found to depend on Jg0.5 with a notional bubble creation size at Jg = 0 cm/s. The dependence on viscosity relative to that at 20 oC was a power relationship having an exponent of 0.776, while similarly, that for simulated altitude (gas density relative to air density…" @default.
• W176805579 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W176805579 creator A5042329552 @default.
• W176805579 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W176805579 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W176805579 title "Modeling the Sauter Mean Bubble Diameter in Mechanical, Forced-air Flotation Machines" @default.
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