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• W1773247393 abstract "INTRODUCTION The family Traversodontidae was originally erected in 1936 by Huene to accommodate new forms of gomphodont cynodonts from south America. It is now known by many taxa of various sizes and skull morphologies, which share, in particular, many features in the structure of their postcanine teeth. A cosmopolitan Triassic family, the traversodontids are mostly represented in Argentina (Cabrera 1943; Romer 1967, 1972; Bonaparte 1962, 1963, 1978) and in Brazil (Huene 1935–1942; Barberena 1974; Abdala et al. 2002); they are also known from Tanzania (Crompton 1955, 1972), Zambia (Brink 1963; Kemp 1980), Lesotho (Crompton & Ellenberger 1957), South Africa (Gow & Hancox 1993), Madagascar (Flynn et al. 2000), India (Chatterjee 1982), Canada (Hopson 1984; Sues et al. 1992), the United States of America (Sues & Olsen 1990; Sues et al. 1999), Belgium (Hahn et al. 1988), France (Godefroit & Battail 1997), and, perhaps, Russia (Tatarinov 1973; Battail & Surkov 2000). Among the many taxa which have been described, some appear to be of dubious validity and a number of possible synonymies were suggested by Battail (1991, 58–60). In striking contrast with South America, where Late Triassic traversodontids are numerous and relatively diversified, southern Africa has yielded up to now only very few specimens which can be attributed to Late Triassic traversodontids. The purpose of this paper is to provide a short review of the Late Triassic traversodontid material already known from southern Africa, and to describe one more specimen, a skull which, although collected long ago, had been initially misinterpreted, and had never been published. The anatomical characters of the southern African Late Triassic traversodontids are discussed and compared with other representatives of the family. These data are incorporated into a brief systematic and phylogenetic analysis. REVIEW OF THE LATE TRIASSIC TRAVERSODONTIDS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA Scalenodontoides macrodontes was described in 1957 by Crompton & Ellenberger as a new genus and species of the family Traversodontidae. The type specimen, the tooth-bearing portions of a huge lower jaw (Figs 1–3), was found on the northern slope of Morobong Hill, Mohale’s Hoek district, Lesotho (then, Basutoland), and attributed to ‘the upper Molteno Beds’. It has since been established by Turner (1972), that it comes in fact from the base of the Elliot Formation. The type specimen of Scalenodontoides macrodontes is housed in the Palaeontology unit of the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, under the number 1957–23. Complements to the original description, comments and comparisons were given by Hopson (1984). A second specimen referred to Scalenodontoides macrodontes is the right half of the anterior part of a snout, collected at a short distance from the type, and housed in the South African Musem, Cape Town (SAM K336); it was described and figured by Hopson (1984). Crompton & Ellenberger (1957) correctly attributed Scalenodontoides macrodontes to the Traversodontidae, and compared it to several other genera of the same family. However, they never mentioned the genus Exaeretodon, described in 1943 by Cabrera. Hopson (1984) stressed the close affinities of the genera Scalenodontoides and Exaeretodon which, according to the diagnosis he gave of the genus Scalenodontoides, would have differed mostly in their robustness, in their skull proportions and in the relative size of their lower canines and incisors. It must be noted, however, that one of the few characters mentioned by Hopson to distinguish Scalenodontoides from Exaeretodon, namely, the presence of a chin-like ventral projection of the symphysis of the dentary, found only in Scalenodontoides, cannot be retained: a similar feature can indeed be observed in Exaeretodon argentinus and in E. statisticae (see for" @default.
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• W1773247393 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W1773247393 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1773247393 title "Late Triassic traversodontids (Synapsida: Cynodontia) in southern Africa" @default.
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