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- W177575802 abstract "Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-β) are multifunctional cytokines with widespread distribution. They are known to modulate important events, such as growth and differentiation (Roberts and Sporn, 1990). TGF-β was discovered in the early 1980s (Roberts et al., 1981). The initial purification of the 25-kDa protein was achieved by using its ability to induce normal rat kidney fibroblasts to grow and form colonies of cells in soft agar in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF; Roberts et al., 1981, 1983). This transforming capacity provided the original name for the protein: transforming growth factor. However, the name is somewhat misleading, since it is known by now that TGF-β affects many functions in nearly all cells (for review, see Roberts and Sporn, 1990; Kingsley, 1994; Krieglstein et al., 1995a). The initially purified material actually consisted of two components named TGF-α and TGF-β (Anzano et al., 1983). Elucidating the amino acid sequence revealed that these two proteins are nonhomologous: TGF-α belongs to the EGF family (Todaro et al., 1980; Derynck et al., 1984); TGF-β, as TGF-β1, became the prototype of a constantly expanding superfamily of its own. The cloning of TGF-β1 and the elucidation of its precursor structure (Assoian et al., 1983; Derynck et al., 1985) has led to the identification of three other forms of TGF-β: TGF-β2 (deMartin et al., 1987; Madisen et al., 1988), -β3 (Derynck et al., 1988), and -β5 (Xenopus; Kondaiah et al., 1990); TGF-β4 seems to be the chick homolog of TGF-β1 (Jakowlew et al., 1988)." @default.
- W177575802 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W177575802 creator A5028603581 @default.
- W177575802 creator A5064076179 @default.
- W177575802 date "1998-01-01" @default.
- W177575802 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W177575802 title "Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling and Neuroprotection" @default.
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