FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1776100733> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1776100733 abstract "The doctrine on Rule of Law is intrinsic to what it means to live in a democratic society. It is a legal philosophy which has been, and continues to be, actively applied by courts and international organizations such as the European Court of Human Rights and the United Nations, as an absolute necessity to promote and enforce justice and peace across the globe. Despite diverse interpretations of the meaning of Rule of Law, accountability (or responsibility of those in power, as it is sometimes called), remains at the heart of the concept. As an illustration, a society void or Rule of Law is also, per definition, void of accountability. Renowned Professor Peczenik identifies two types of accountability: informal responsibility, where governments will face a loss of power in upcoming elections if they do not satisfy the wishes of the constituency, and formal responsibility, where criminal actions shall be judged according to the law in a manner equal to all citizens.The world recently found itself in a situation where states that are usually thought of as champions of the democratic world were revealed to sidestep the most fundamental of principles of Rule of Law. The Snowden reports showed how the US, the UK, Sweden and Germany (among other states) entertain secret intelligence exchange agreements, legislation, networks and operations; all of which affect billions of citizens around the world who are unable to foresee the consequences of their actions. This undermines the very essence of the principle of legality.Allowing to compromise the principle of legality in an unchecked manner would, ultimately, mean the end of democracy. Therefore, to elucidate principles of Rule of Law and democracy in the field of signals intelligence, this work evaluates the legality of current SIGINT exchanges using a classical legal method and jurisprudence to assess the adequacy of three levels of legislation: international law, regional law and bilateral treaties. The work finds that the assessed states violate international law, regional law and Rule of Law on a number of points. These include using diplomatic missions in a way contrary to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, allowing undisclosed agreements and legislation, and scanning communication contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights. The states might possibly have breached the principle of non- intervention and conducted intelligence acquisition contrary to the specified objectives of agreements. However, it should be noted that more information is needed to comprehensively assess the two last points.Consequently, the thesis finds that the existing legal framework for SIGINT exchange is rigorous in itself. International law and conventions condemn the revealed actions in a clear way, and there is good basis to read ECtHR case- law as forbidding all hidden legislation and pact- making which might affect citizens in an unforeseeable way. Furthermore, it is reasonable that the ECtHR would strike down on parties who contract another state in surveillance matters to circumvent civil rights obligations, on the basis of the doctrine of ‘effective control’. However, the difficulty in enforcing accountability in those fora is procedural. ECtHR can only hear cases and expand its case- law if a domestic case exhausts all local remedies, which will be a lengthy and costly process; moreover, the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice relies on the fulfillment of specific criteria, which ultimately depend on the will of the parties. Meanwhile, states violate civil- rights and undermine core principles of democracy.As such, the thesis finds that there is a need for a stronger regional framework in the field. An example of this could be a supervisory organ in the EU, proactively enforcing principles of Rule of Law in the states’ domestic legislation, without the procedural hindrances of a tribunal." @default.
• W1776100733 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1776100733 creator A5067091458 @default.
• W1776100733 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W1776100733 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1776100733 title "Whose Rule of Law in the case of International Signals Intelligence" @default.
• W1776100733 cites W1565888585 @default.
• W1776100733 cites W2797344853 @default.
• W1776100733 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
• W1776100733 type Work @default.
• W1776100733 sameAs 1776100733 @default.
• W1776100733 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W1776100733 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W1776100733 hasAuthorship W1776100733A5067091458 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C169437150 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C177986884 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C2776007630 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C2776211767 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C2776847301 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C42027317 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C55447825 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C555826173 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C144024400 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C169437150 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C17744445 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C177986884 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C190253527 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C199539241 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C2776007630 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C2776211767 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C2776847301 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C42027317 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C55447825 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C555826173 @default.
• W1776100733 hasConceptScore W1776100733C94625758 @default.
• W1776100733 hasLocation W17761007331 @default.
• W1776100733 hasOpenAccess W1776100733 @default.
• W1776100733 hasPrimaryLocation W17761007331 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W123929364 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W1574982940 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W1763068949 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2169076427 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2222297033 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2259480698 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2264218594 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2337872752 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2345481995 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2499106598 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2564106847 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2599545046 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2711214768 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W2990775957 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W3012259067 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W3120975053 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W3136359627 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W3210195495 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W781053418 @default.
• W1776100733 hasRelatedWork W1736721633 @default.
• W1776100733 isParatext "false" @default.
• W1776100733 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W1776100733 magId "1776100733" @default.
• W1776100733 workType "article" @default.