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• W177657520 abstract "Spatial planning is, foremost, regarded as a political method to influence the geographic distribution of activities. The Netherlands has a strong tradition in spatial planning. The national government has put great efforts to direct the spatial developments and to control the urbanization process in the Netherlands, though the existing planning system is under pressure. The newest Report on Spatial Planning, the Spatial Memorandum, marks a conceptual change in the planning approach of the national government. This shift corresponds to the exchange of a generic planning approach, with a well defined national agenda to direct the urbanization process, for a more liberated re/af/ona/approach, based on the cooperation of local authorities, private investors and social actors. The spatial developments will be organized bottom-up, with a facilitating role for the national planning agency. But at the same time, the national planning agency will have to cope with the increased influence of European regulations and intersectoral policies. Both tendencies affect the position and the activities of the institute of national planning, while the responsibility for the national spatial structure maintains. The transition of national spatial planning forms the background for this project. The research explores the effects of different national spatial strategies for the distribution of population and employment in the Netherlands. The experiment consists of a scenario-study for generic and relational spatial strategies in a modelled environment. For this research, we will use the newly developed LUTI-model TIGRIS XL. This simulation model calculates the future developments, based on national economic and demographic developments and the location choice of citizens and firms. The TIGRIS XL-model can be applied with different input-scenarios for both traport policies and spatial policies. The input-scenarios for this research only involve the options for spatial strategies. The research combines different aspects in the field of spatial planning, e.g. spatial policy-making and the use of technological tools. Recommendations are made for the orientation of the institute of national spatial planning. Furthermore, the possibilities are discussed to apply different spatial strategies in TIGRIS XL and the functioning of this model. The project regards three different input-scenarios. The scenarios function as a derivative for national spatial strategies and contain the typical elements, based on the principles of generic and relational planning options. A short description of the input scenarios will be discussed below: 1. Reference Policy; a generic scenario, with spatial program for both 'Greenfield' and 'Brownfield' developments. The implementation is flexible towards the housing demand. The composition of this spatial program supposes a continuation of the existing spatia organization. 2. Restrictions Light-policy (RL-policy); a re/af/ona/scenario, based on landuse restrictions and a deregulated land market The scenario puts minimal restrictions and guarantees a large degree of freedom for spatial developments 3. Restrictions Heavy-policy (RH-policy), a relational scenario which is based on a deregulated land market and heavy landuse restrictions, especially laid upon by the Flood Control-policy. The simulations of the input-scenarios represent divergent spatial processes. The Reference policy shows a continuation of existing spatial structure. The developments in the central area of the Randstad and the urban agglomerations in Twente, Arnhem/Nijmegen and Northern Brabant increased, but the contrast with the other regions is limited. The simulation gave an unexpected result, especially concerning the spatial developments in rural areas. The reason is the required level of detail for the input. The simulation of a detailed spatial program is more suitable for local application and not for the simulation of national spatial strategies. The RL-policy stimulates the growth in the central area of the Randstad/Green Heart. Most developments take place within the Green Heart. The scenario illustrates the rise of a Metropolitan area in the western part of the Netherlands and an increasing gap with the peripheral regions. The RH-policy presents a dispersion of urban activities. The restrictions in the central area push-out the spatial developments to the surrounding regions. The gap between the central area of the Randstad and the periphery diminishes. The effects for the national spatial structure are mainly at the cause of the input-scenarios, whereas the regional and local developments are determined by the parameter-settings in TIGRIS XL. In this respect, all three simulations show a concentration of population and employment for the stronger regions. The developments at the local level represent a process of deconcentration or suburbanization. The directions of these processes are plausible and correspond to the recent trends in the Netherlands. The force of the deconcentration-process, however, is more difficult to obtain. In reality, the deconcentration process will be a little stronger, especially for a more deregulated landuse policy. The location choice factors which determine the process of deconcentration, have been estimated for empirical data on recent removals. These parameters need to be revised, to stay in-line with new socio-cultural trends and the location preferences of firms. The simulations of the relational concepts point out the effect of the external restrictions on the national spatial structure. This research points out that technological tools are available to perform ex-ante evaluations for different policy-packages. Hence, the study recommends an active participation of the national government in the international decision-making process, with a singular focus on the spatial organization of this highly dense nation. Consequently, the national government will have to pronounce its vision on the future development of the Netherlands and act affirmatively. The task for the local/regional actors is to translate the potential developments of the regions (and sub-regions) into concrete actions, with joined efforts of local authorities, private investors and social actors. The distinction between the relational planning approach and the generic planning approach contributes to the division of competences for different authorities. The TIGRIS XL-model constitutes both planning at the national level, in terms of restrictions, and at the local/regional level for a more detailed spatial program." @default.
• W177657520 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W177657520 creator A5044590748 @default.
• W177657520 date "2007-03-15" @default.
• W177657520 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W177657520 title "Future forms of urbanization: An Application for Tigris XL on Spatial Policies in the Netherlands" @default.
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