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• W17765921 abstract "The goal of the present research was to consider the nature of executive functions, and to identify the role of increasing capacity to process complex relational information in executive function development m children between 3 6 and 8 6 years The concept of executive functions is a relatively new one in psychology with connections to ember research investigating intelligence One of the connections between the two constructs has been the Identification of a relationship between each of them and relational processing. A comprehensive review of literature pertaining to executive functions is included in chapters one and two. This review includes the historical background of the concept of executive functioning, while highlighting both historical and recent references to the role of relational processing in intelligence, working memory and executive functions. Findings regarding executive functioning and its development during childhood are also reviewed including contributions from a number of psychological paradigms including cognitive psychology, physiological psychology, neuropsychology and developmental psychology modifications to a model of EF recently proposed by P Anderson have been suggested and are partially tested in the present study. While the relationships between mental models, relational processing and constructs such as intelligence, working memory, and higher-order cognitive processes including EF have been identified by a large number of authors throughout the history of psychology, very little research has been conducted specifically examining the nature of such relationships Halford and his colleagues have developed a relational complexity metric which identifies the complexity of a task/situation in terms of the level of relational processing required. They note that relational complexity is dependent on the number of elements that need to be jointly processed in order to derive an appropriate or correct response. In the third chapter, the relationships between mental models, relational processing and relational complexity are reviewed as 1s Halford et al's theory of relational complexity. Predictions regarding the relationship between relational processing and executive functions are also presented in chapter three.  A number of statistical analyses were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the structure of executive functions and the relationship between relational processing and executive function development in children. Results supported the domains of executive functioning identified in the model of executive functioning presented in chapter two and provided some support for the recognition of complex interrelationships between those domains. Results from a series of multiple regressions supported predictions that ternary relational processing would predict variance on executive function tasks. As a group, children with phenylketonuria have been identified as having specific deficits in executive functioning. In chapter six, current management and treatment of phenylketonuria is reviewed. Also reviewed are the genetic, neurochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying phenylketonuria and the cognitive deficits associated with it. Given the predicted relationship between relational processing and executive functions it was also predicted that children with phenylketonuria would perform more poorly than age- and PPVT-matched controls on tasks assessing capacity to process complex relational information. Additional analyses are reported regarding relationships between concurrent, recent and historical phenylalanine levels and performance on executive function and relational processing tasks. Findings included between-group differences on tasks associated with the planning component of executive functioning and on tasks associated with ternary level relational processing. The proportion of blood tests (over a child's lifetime) within the recommended limits was positively related to performances on planning and ternary relational processing tasks.  The results of the research support the prediction that relational processing is associated with executive functioning. A model of cognitive functioning identifying executive functions as mediated by relational processing is presented as a framework for future research." @default.
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• W17765921 date "2004-01-01" @default.
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• W17765921 title "Relational processing and executive function development in young children including children with PKU" @default.
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