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• W1786517059 abstract "SummaryThe usage of antibiotics in animals feeds, as effected by legislative controls from 1953 to the present, are discussed. Control in the United Kingdom was originally covered by the Therapuetic Substances Act (1953), revised 1956. These regulations permitted the lay sale of Chlortetracycline, penicillin, and Oxytetracycline in definite dilutions, not to exceed 100 ppm, for supplementing feed for pigs and poultry.Apprehension was expressed regarding the possible establishment of resistant bacterial strains in animals fed low levels of antibiotics. In 1961, the Netherthorpe Committee was established with the directive to “examine the possible consequences of feeding antibiotics to farm animals and to consider whether this use constitutes any danger to human or animal health”. In 1962, this committee reported that no additional restrictions on the use of antibiotics in feed were necessary.In 1966, the scientific sub-committee of the Netherthorpe Committee was asked to investigate the effect of the recently recognized phenomenon of infectious or transferable drug resistance. This committee again found no grounds for legislative controls but advised that the subject should be kept under review.Subsequently, in 1968, the Swann Committee was set up “to obtain information about the present and prospective uses of antibiotics in animal husbandry and veterinary medicines, with particular reference to the phenomenon of infective drug-resistance, to consider the implications for animal husbandry, and also for human and animal health, and to make recommendations”.This committee concluded that the risk concerning animal and human health were minimal. However, they also concluded that administration of antibiotics at low levels posed potential hazards to both man and animals. Therefore, recommendations were made to place antibiotics into one of two categories: feed or therapeutic. A feed antibiotic must be of value to livestock production, have little or no therapeutic application, and not impair the activity of the therapeutic antibiotics. A drug lacking in these requirements was claimed a therapeutic antibiotic and subject to use only by prescription.The British Government accepted the recommendations of the committee. In 1971, the use without prescription of penicillin and the tetracylines was prohibited in animal feeds, and controls covering Tylosin, Sulfonamides, and four nitrofurans were published. Sulphaquinoxaline and sulphanitrin were allowed only when used to control coccidiosis in poultry.At present, the only “feed antibiotics” authorized in the U.K. are zinc bacitracin, flavamycin, virginiamycin, emtryl, nitrovin, and the two sulphonamides.The initial effect of this legislation substantially reduced the usage of some antibiotics. However, the three original antibiotics are now being used widely on veterinary prescription.Now that the U.K. has entered the E.E.C., the strict regulations of the United Kingdom are in conflict with the less stringent E.E.C. requirements.The committee concerned in the U.K. concluded that residues of antibiotics in human foods did not constitute any problem.If further work should show that the molecular structure of the plasmids of the R-factor of animal origin are distinct from those of human and, therefore, of insignificant cross contamination consequences, then this issue, too, will be resolved." @default.
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• W1786517059 date "1975-05-01" @default.
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• W1786517059 title "The use of Antibiotics in Animal Feeds in the United Kingdom The Impact and Importance of Legislative Controls" @default.
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• W1786517059 doi "https://doi.org/10.1079/wps19750009" @default.
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