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• W1789980923 abstract "In Eurasia (Europe and Western Asia), oppositely to geographical areas from North America and Eastern Asia where there are several wild grapevine species, there is only one native grapevine, Vitis vinifera L (ZOHARY and SPIEGEL-ROY 1975). The Eurasian wild grapevine belongs to Vitis vinifera L. subspecies sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi taxon. Their populations spread out from the Iberian peninsula to the Hindu Kush mountain range, including some areas of the African Maghreb. This subspecies reproduces by seeds mainly, but sometimes also asexually (ARNOLD et al. 1998, OCETE et al. 2007). This is a dioecious subspecies and constitutes the ancestor of the grapevine cultivars, belonging to subspecies sativa which remarkably are mostly hermaphrodite. Within wild grapevine populations only a small percentage of hermaphrodite plants appeared by mutation of male exemplars. Some of them were selected by man due to their self-pollinating capacity (FORNI 2006). However seeds of wild and cultivated grapevines have different morphologies (RIVERA and WALKER 1987, TERRAL et al. 2011). So, according to existing archaeological data, the first place where domestication took place was in the Shulavery Culture (Republic of Georgia, Transcaucasia) about 8,000 years B.P. (MC GOVERN 2003 and 2004). In the Transcaucasian region, Chlorotypes C and D are the most frequent in wild grapevines and autochthonous cultivars, meanwhile A constitutes the main percentage found in wild and autochthonous varieties in Western Europe. It could indicate that, probably, the Iberian peninsula could be considered as a secondary domestication center (ARROYO-GARCIA et al. 2006, DE ANDRES et al, 2012.). The main habitats of wild grapevine are gallery forests growing on alluvial soils along rivers and creeks. Some populations can be found on colluvial positions of rainy areas, coastal cliffs and arenosols also. In all the cases, grapevine lianas climb using tendrils on bushes and trees of the accompanying vegetation to get an adequate intensity of sun light (ARNOLD 2002). In the Spanish territories for example according to archaeological findings and old documents from 2,400 years B.P. to the 19th century, their berries were used as food and to produce must and wine. Several medicines were elaborated with these products and also with sap and leaves. Their canes were used to produce mooring ropes and fishing traps. On the other hand, bunches were used as offering in burial ceremonies from different cultures between the Bronze age to Roman period (OCETE et al. 2011a). The Eurasian wild grapevine is the basis, throughout the domestication process, for the development of the vine and wine cultural heritage (SCIENZA 2004)." @default.
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• W1789980923 date "2015-08-17" @default.
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• W1789980923 title "Proposal for the wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi) conservation in the European countries" @default.
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