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- W1795290434 abstract "Abstract Particulate matter samples were collected in a road tunnel in Lisbon (PM 0.5 , PM 0.5–1 , PM 1–2.5 , and PM 2.5–10 ) and at two urban locations representing roadside and background stations (PM 2.5 and PM 2.5–10 ). Samples were analysed for organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), n -alkanes, n -alkenes, hopanes, some isoprenoid compounds, and steranes. Particulate matter concentrations in the tunnel were 17–31 times higher than at roadside in the vicinity, evidencing an aerosol origin almost exclusively in fresh vehicle emissions. PM 0.5 in the tunnel comprised more than 60% and 80% of the total OC and EC mass in PM 10 , respectively. Concentrations of the different aliphatic groups of compounds in the tunnel were up to 89 times higher than at roadside and 143 times higher than at urban background. Based on the application of hopane-to-OC or hopanes-to-EC ratios obtained in the tunnel, it was found that vehicle emissions are the dominant contributor to carbonaceous particles in the city but do not represent the only source of these triterpenic compounds. Contrary to what has been observed in other studies, the Σhopane-to-EC ratios were higher in summer than in winter, suggesting that other factors (e.g. biomass burning, dust resuspension, and different fuels/engine technologies) prevail in relation to the photochemical decay of triterpenoid hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust." @default.
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- W1795290434 date "2016-02-01" @default.
- W1795290434 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W1795290434 title "Road tunnel, roadside, and urban background measurements of aliphatic compounds in size-segregated particulate matter" @default.
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- W1795290434 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.09.007" @default.
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