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- W179535264 abstract "Materials like metal, wood, ceramics, glass, and plastics are used in many medical device applications. Surgical instruments have been manufactured since the dawn of humankind. Rough trephines for performing round craniotomies were discovered in Neolithic sites in many places. It is believed that they were used by shamans to release evil spirits and alleviate headaches and head traumas caused by war-inflicted wounds. The Bronze and Iron ages saw the development and use of surgical instruments such as scalpels, lancets, curettes, tweezers, speculae, trephines, forceps, probes, dilators, tubes, and surgical knives. Over time, many other instruments were invented and designed for amputations and other surgical procedures. With the discovery of the use of ether, chloroform, and nitrous oxide as anesthetic agents, new surgical instruments were invented to penetrate various inner parts of the body. Sterility also became a major need. The nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw an explosion of medical devices, and materials such as stainless steel, titanium, vanadium, ceramics, and plastics were used in their manufacture. The demand for precision instruments for microsurgery in neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and otology was possible, and in the second half of the twentieth century, energy-based instruments like electrocauteries, ultrasound, electric scalpels, surgical tools, and surgical robots were developed." @default.
- W179535264 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W179535264 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W179535264 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W179535264 title "Materials Used in Medical Devices" @default.
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- W179535264 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00003-3" @default.
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