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• W1801455561 endingPage "36" @default.
• W1801455561 startingPage "1" @default.
• W1801455561 abstract "This chapter presents a conceptual model based on genetic and environmental interactions that could explain a wide range of observations related to the complex, progressive nature of carcinogenesis. As the genetic theory predicts that both mutational and stable epigenetic alterations in a cell could lead to a cancer “phenotype,” the chapter reviews the experimental evidence to determine which one of the mechanisms could best explain the observations. Furthermore, as radiations and chemicals can directly or indirectly induce both permanent (mutational) and reversible (epigenetic) changes in the gene, the chapter describes a potential common interface between physical and chemical carcinogens. There are several genetic and environmental means by which the frequency of cancers could be modulated. The chapter clearly describes genes and chemicals that affect the amount of DNA damaged the quantity and quality of the repair of that damage, and the expression of cells with mutated cells. Evolutionary means to affect the quantity and quality of DNA repair such as genes controlling cell cycle could influence the mutational contribution to carcinogenesis. The chapter also discusses the individual mutations in these three genetic barriers to tumor induction and growth. Epigenetic influences such as repression of DNA repair genes during normal development could also influence mutation and cancer frequencies. Exogenous environmental influences could affect carcinogenic frequencies. It is assumed that both mutational and epigenetic steps could explain the initiation and promotion phases of carcinogenesis respectively. The chapter presents an integrative model to explain both mutational and epigenetic origins of cancer, the two-stage nature of carcinogenesis, and the recessive nature of nonviral cancer phenotypes." @default.
• W1801455561 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1801455561 creator A5001846206 @default.
• W1801455561 creator A5035004125 @default.
• W1801455561 date "1981-01-01" @default.
• W1801455561 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1801455561 title "The Role of Radiation and Chemicals in the Induction of Mutations and Epigenetic Changes during Carcinogenesis" @default.
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