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- W1802672457 abstract "Background: Too much use of a smartphone can lead the musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremity. People spend more time in typing on it than using it as a phone. Objective: The aims of this study were to test which way we can type faster and better, and to understand the muscle recruitment in the neck and upper extremity while texting identical messages with one hand and two hands, and put the phone vertically and horizontally. Method: Fourteen healthy college students without any history of neuromuscular disorders or ongoing pain who used the smart phone more than one year were recruited. An iphone4 were used for texting the lyric of the Korean national anthem(79 characters with space) with one hand (dominant side) and two hands and put the phone vertically and horizontally. Muscle recruitment of neck (levator scapuare and middle trapezius), shoulder (infraspinatus and mid deltoid), elbow(biceps, brachioradialis), wrist (flexor and extensor carpi radialis), thumb (extensor and abductor policis, dorsal interossei) was collected with an electromyography system. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Typing with one hand took longer but not twice longer. After typing with one hand, more fatigue was reported. Placing the phone vertically or horizontally did not affect the typing speed. Typing error were less with two hand and with horizontally placed phone but not statistically significant. Less muscle activities were found in elbow and thumb with one hand use and in the neck with horizontally located phone. Application: Findings of this study can be valuable information for smartphone users to prevent the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities." @default.
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- W1802672457 date "2013-10-01" @default.
- W1802672457 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W1802672457 title "Effect of Smartphone Typing on the Muscle Recruitment in Neck and Upper Extremity" @default.
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