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• W1802762668 abstract "This study employs a national linear programming model to analyze the tradeoffs between alcohol production and soil loss in the North Central Zone. The model minimizes agricultural production costs while meeting commodity demands for the year 2000, and incorporates alcohol production from corn grain and corn residue. Alcohol conversion rates of 3 gallons/bushel of corn grain and 1 gallon/20 pounds of corn residue are used to approximate technology available by 2000. Alcohol production from corn grain at the levels set as goals by the Carter Administration (19 billion gallons) would require 3.3 billion additional bushels of corn. Much of this additional corn would be grown on land previously in soybeans. But some corn would be grown on marginal land which is considered high for conversion. Much of the marginal land is erosive and the production of corn needed for alcohol increases this erosive potential. It is, however, possible to produce alcohol from corn grain at the 6, 8, 10, or even 12 billion gallon level without increasing soil loss if soil conserving farming techniques are employed. Farmers as a whole would have to switch almost completely away from moldboard plowing in the fall. The use of minimum tillage techniques would be needed on almost 70 percent of the land to counteract the erosive potential of alcohol production from corn grain. The use of corn residue for alcohol production is even more erosive. This study estimates that even if farmers switched totally to spring plowing and minimum tillage, soil loss could increase by 40 percent if corn residue was harvested to meet 2000 alcohol goals of 12 billion gallons. Public concern about soil erosion has been evident in the United States almost as long as the problem of soil erosion itself. In early 1900, it was suggested that We have inherited the choicest plot of land for food production the world had to offer and thus far we have ravaged it without a thought to the future During the dust bowl era and beyond, agricultural experiment stations have warned that U.S. farmland has too often been mined rather than farmed. Government agencies, such as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), throughout their history have mounted large-scale public awareness campaigns alerting farmers to their self-destructive farming methods. But those who have been accused of abusing the land are not totally obtuse or malevolent. U.S. farmers are, in fact, merely executing the sizable job of feeding themselves, nonfarm U.S. families, and part of the rest of the world. The problem of continuing soil loss in this country is not primarily caused by farmers' lack of awareness, lack of erosion control technology, or lack of public concern. The problem of accelerated soil loss and continued soil degradation stems from many deep-rooted aspects of agriculture and farm life such as the need for earning an acceptable level of income, inflexible institutions, and increasing demands for farm products. The latter has become a leading threat to our land resources in view of many scholars. As domestic and, notably in the 1970s, foreign demands for U.S. agricultural products have risen, farmers have been induced to increase production on the extensive margin. Often this new land is fragile and susceptible to degradation. Thus, as John F. Timmons, distinguished professor in agriculture at Iowa State University explains: In effect, we are exporting our soil in the form of food and feed grain shipments. In terms of our foreign balance of trade, we may well be killing the goose that lays the golden eggs of grain exports [2]. Authors are Economist at the SCS National Technical Center, Fort Worth Texas; and Director of the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University, Ames, iowa, 50011, respectively. Journal Article No. J-11083 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project 2498. The authors would like to thank the journal's anonymous reviewers for their assistance in shaping the final manuscript. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.112 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 04:27:08 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 38 NORTH CENTRAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Vol. 6, No. 2, July 1984 In light of our current and projected energy environment, another possible competitor with soil conservation may be looming on the horizon. That competition may be in the form of energy from agriculture. It has already begun in a small way with the derivation of alcohol from corn grain. There are plans for expansion in this endeavor, including use of crop residue derived alcohol production. If these new demands for agricultural products are added to growing export demands, the effects on our soil could be devastating. Therefore, it is important and even imperative that we weigh possible trade-offs between erosion and alcohol production from agriculture, especially in the areas of the United States which would be most affected. If indeed there exists a complementary range between erosion and alcohol production from agriculture, its boundaries must be defined now, before we make any attempt to shift into full-scale alcohol production in the future." @default.
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• W1802762668 title "Soil Loss from Alcohol Production in the North Central Zone" @default.
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