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• W180790717 abstract "The modern all-night dance club culture has its most recent roots in the adolescent rave and gay male circuit party subcultures that emerged in the late 1980s, with more distant connections to the earlier New York nightclub scene epitomized by Studio 54 (Fritz, 1999; Kurtz, Inciardi, Surratt, & Cottler, 2005; Silcott, 1999; Thornton, 1996). This type of night life is found in almost every large city but is especially prevalent in major tourist destinations where people tend to be looking for an escape from their routines. This concept is represented in such slogans as “What Happens in Vegas Stays in Vegas®.” Miami, historically a major tourist destination and since the early 1970s a national center for cocaine importation, distribution, and use (Didion, 1987; Portes & Stepick, 1993), is also a major player in the U.S. club culture.Alcohol and illicit drug use would appear to be the norm in the club scene. Except for MDMA (ecstasy), which has been a relative constant, the most common “club” or “dance” drugs have tended to vary over time and location. Such diverse substances as powder cocaine, methamphetamine, ketamine, rohypnol, GHB, and LSD have all been popular in the club scene over the past decade (Beck & Rosenbaum, 1994; Measham, Aldridge, & Parker, 2001; Reynolds, 1998; Thornton, 1996). More recently, prescription medications, primarily opioids and benzodiazepines, have become prevalent as well (Kelly & Parsons, 2007; Kurtz et al., 2005).One of the attractions to these drugs among the young adults who predominate in the club scene is the increased stamina that the substances engender, enabling participants to dance all night, as well as the intoxicating and sometimes hallucinogenic highs that are said to deepen the club or dance experience. Other reasons include the euphoric and disinhibiting effects of the drugs (Cooper, 2007; Fritz, 1999; Silcott, 1999). The drugs, like other aspects of the club culture, are usually portrayed as the height of fashion, exclusivity, and trendiness, and this reputation is maintained by the ubiquitous velvet rope at the nightclub entrance, with long lines of anxious attendees hoping to be admitted by the discriminating doorman.Due to the young age of the vast majority of club drug users and their tendency to mix numerous drugs during their typical drug binges, club drug users tend to be a highly vulnerable population (Cottler, Womack, Compton, & Ben Abdallah, 2001; Boyd, McCabe, & d'Arcy, 2003; Freese, Miotto, & Reback, 2002). Many users tend to experiment with a variety of club drugs and alcohol in combination, which can lead to unexpected adverse reactions (Measham et al., 2001; Pedersen & Skrondal, 1999; von Sydow, Lieb, Pfister, Hofler, & Wittchen, 2002). Other studies have reported club drug use to be associated with high-risk sexual behaviors (Klitzman, Greenberg, Pollack, & Dolezal, 2002; Mattison, Ross, Wolfson, & Franklin, 2001; Semple, Patterson, & Grant, 2002) as well as depression, anxiety, and other mental health problems (McCardle, Luebbers, Carter, Croft, & Stough, 2004; Measham et al., 2001; Parrott, Milani, Parmar, & Turner, 2001).A large body of research from the past several decades demonstrates a strong relationship between drug use and crime (Ball, Rosen, Flueck, & Nurco, 1982; Inciardi, 2008). Offenders may become caught up in lifestyles that involve deviant activities on a daily or near-daily basis. Drug dependency may lead to economic crimes such as the commission of property and/or predatory crime and drug distribution. The pharmacological effects of drug use may also lead to criminal activity due to increased aggressive tendencies, reduced inhibitions, and impaired judgment (Goldstein, 1985).Information about the criminal activity of participants in the club culture is largely absent from the scientific literature, however. Certainly, nightclub owners and promoters have been implicated in organized crime and other forms of drug-related and other violent crime (Cooper, 2007; Owen, 2003; St. James, 2003). Except for their use of illegal drugs, however, the young adult participants in the scene are most often described as targets of police harassment or victims of predatory criminals in the street environments surrounding the clubs (Measham et al., 2001) rather than as perpetrators. This study aims to add to our understanding of criminal activity among these participants in the club scene by examining the self-reported lifetime arrest histories of polydrug users in Miami's club culture." @default.
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• W180790717 date "2009-06-01" @default.
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• W180790717 title "Criminal Activity Among Young Adults in the Club Scene." @default.
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