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• W1809150391 endingPage "5241" @default.
• W1809150391 startingPage "5234" @default.
• W1809150391 abstract "It is established that duplication in vitro of that amount of Ca2+ (2.5 mM) and Mg2+ (1.5 mM) present in blood permits vegetative growth of Yersinia pestis with repression of virulence factors encoded by the Lcr plasmid (Lcr+); similar simulation of intracellular fluid (no Ca2+ and 20 mM Mg2+) promotes bacteriostasis with induction of these virulence determinants. However, proliferation of yersiniae in mice occurs primarily within necrotic focal lesions (supplied by Ca(2+)-deficient host cell cytoplasm) within visceral organs rather than in Ca(2+)-sufficient blood. The present study addressed this enigma by defining conditions necessary for achieving vegetative growth of Lcr+ yersiniae at 37 degrees C in simulated intracellular fluid. Maximum optical densities were increased by substitution of K+ for Na+ and elimination of Cl-; the combination of Na+ plus L-glutamate was selectively toxic to Lcr+ cells. This phenomenon was attributed in part to the absence of aspartase in Y. pestis (a lesion known to facilitate massive accumulation of L-aspartate via transamination of the oxalacetate pool by L-glutamate). Replacement of L-glutamate by exogenous L-aspartate or alpha-ketoglutarate reversed this toxicity by favoring retention of oxalacetate. Proliferation of Lcr+ cells in a medium containing K+ and L-aspartate but lacking added Ca2+ and Na+ was markedly enhanced by increasing the concentration of fermentable carbohydrate. Accordingly, in the worst-case scenario (i.e., added Na+, Cl-, and L-glutamate), Lcr+ yersiniae underwent restriction of growth after one doubling, and in the best-case scenario (i.e., added K+ and L-aspartate), the organisms completed more than five doublings, thereby achieving full-scale growth. Both of these Ca(2+)-deficient media promoted maximum induction of Mg(2+)-induced V antigen, a virulence factor encoded by the Lcr plasmid." @default.
• W1809150391 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1809150391 creator A5013508673 @default.
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• W1809150391 date "1994-12-01" @default.
• W1809150391 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1809150391 title "Physiological basis of the low calcium response in Yersinia pestis" @default.
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• W1809150391 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.62.12.5234-5241.1994" @default.
• W1809150391 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/303259" @default.
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