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• W181258659 abstract "AbstractIn this article, I employ a Theil (1972) index to measure the spatial mismatch of beds available to shelter the homeless and homeless populations across Continuum of Care regions. I demonstrate a method for statistical inference using the Theil index based on asymptotic results, focusing mainly on testing for across-state differences. Estimates reveal large differences across states in the spatial mismatch between homeless resources and homeless populations. Simulations indicated that state inferences are better for states that have a relatively larger estimated spatial mismatch and relatively larger total count of beds available to shelter the homeless.(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)The purpose of this article is to demonstrate a method for measuring the spatial mismatch between homelessness and resources for the homeless. Widely used to measure economic inequality (for example, see Conceicao and Galbraith, 2000), Theil indices (Theil, 1972, 1967) have also been used extensively to measure racial segregation (for example, see Wong, 2003) and other inequalities such as disparities in health measures (Borell and Talih, 2011). Wilson (2011a, 2011b) previously introduced Cityscape readers to a Theil index.The superiority of Theil indices compared with other inequality measures, such as the Gini coefficient, is well established based on their mathematical properties (for example, see Reardon and Firebaugh, 2002), yet no consensus exists regarding their use for statistical inference (for one approach, see Cowell and Victoria-Feser, 2003).This article demonstrates statistical inference with a Theil index based on asymptotic results using a data example to measure the spatial mismatch between resources available to shelter the homeless and homeless populations.The geographic units on which the spatial mismatch measure is based are 421 Continuum of Care (CoC) regions in the 50 states and Washington, D.C. CoCs are a consortium of providers within defined areas (within states) that provide a broad range of housing and services to homeless populations. Maps of CoC regions are available on the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) CoC Maps website (HUD, 2013a). For example, exhibit 1 is a map of the 12 CoCs in North Carolina for 2012.HUD's CoC Program is the largest single source of federal funding used to reduce U.S. homelessness.1 HUD's CoC Program provides assistance to local CoCs through homeless assistance programs. In 2012, HUD awarded Si.7 billion to local CoCs in the United States, Puerto Rico, and other U.S. territories. The corresponding estimated homeless population in 2012 was 633,782, of which 390,155 were estimated to be sheltered. I use bed counts by CoC as a measure of available resources. In 2012, an estimated 476,119 beds were available to shelter the homeless in the United States, Puerto Rico, and other U.S. territories.The main focus of this analysis is to test for differences in spatial mismatch of homeless resources and homeless populations across states. Estimates reveal large spatial mismatch differences across states. Simulations indicate inferences based on asymptotic approximations are more accurate for states with (1) greater estimated spatial mismatch, (2) greater total counts of beds available to shelter the homeless, and (3) greater bed counts per CoC. I also demonstrate how the technique can be adapted to test for significant differences within a single state.Homelessness and Homeless ResourcesI measure spatial mismatch by examining total beds and total homeless populations by CoC. My measure could be extended to model the spatial mismatch of categories of homeless resources with categories of homeless populations.2Data SourcesData on homeless population estimates by CoC for this analysis are from HUD's 2012 CoC Homeless Populations and Subpopulations Reports (HUD, 2013c). These reports use Point-in-Time (PIT) data provided to HUD by CoCs when they apply to HUD for housing assistance. …" @default.
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• W181258659 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W181258659 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W181258659 title "Measuring Spatial Mismatch between Homelessness and Homeless Resources with a Theil Index and Statistical Inference" @default.
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