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- W1815207518 abstract "This chapter discusses the role of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) in mediating the mucosal injury observed during ischemia and reperfusion of the small bowel. It describes methods used to quantify leukocyte infiltration into the postischemic intestinal mucosa. It also describes the methods used to determine whether leukocytes mediate the microvascular injury associated with reperfusion of the ischemic small bowel. Based on the results of studies on microvascular permeability and leukocyte kinetics in the postischemic bowel, the chapter also proposes a hypothesis to explain the relative roles of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants and neutrophils in reperfusion-induced injury to the intestinal microvasculature. It proposes that during the ischemic period, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is catabolized to yield hypoxanthine. The ischemic stress also triggers the conversion of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-reducing xanthine dehydrogenase to the oxygen radical-producing xanthine oxidase. During reperfusion, molecular oxygen is reintroduced into the tissue where it reacts with hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase to produce a burst of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of iron, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide react via the Haber–Weiss reaction to form hydroxyl radicals. This highly reactive and cytotoxic radical then initiate the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane components and the subsequent release of substances that attract, activate, and promote the adherence of granulocytes to microvascular endothelium. The adherent granulocytes then cause endothelial cell injury via the release of superoxide and various proteases." @default.
- W1815207518 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1815207518 date "1990-01-01" @default.
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- W1815207518 title "[80] Assessment of leukocyte involvement during ischemia and reperfusion of intestine" @default.
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- W1815207518 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86172-r" @default.
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