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• W1815874145 abstract "Highly Concentrated iodinated contrast media are needed for rapid intravenous injection in angiocardiography and nephrotomography. The present study documents the use of 90 per cent Hypaque in 50 consecutive patients, with a detailed analysis of reactions and results. Chemistry and Pharmacology Hypaque is a white crystalline solid which contains 59.87 per cent iodine and is highly water-soluble. Chemically, it is sodium 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6,-triiodobenzoate, which is related structurally to Urokon (sodium acetrizoate). The acetrizoate formula is the basis for a group of contrast agents which may be of value in radiologic investigation. Sodium Hypaque has been extensively utilized in 50 per cent solution for intravenous urography and has proved satisfactory for that purpose (1). An attempt to produce a more concentrated solution resulted in the development of 90 per cent Hypaque, which consists of 30 per cent Sodium Hypaque and 60 per cent Methylglucamine Hypaque. This product is not soluble at room temperature and must be warmed for complete solubility and a clear solution. When completely dissolved, it has proved stable in solution for at least three or four hours, but on cooling the liquid tends to become more viscous. Since this latter property interferes with rapid injection, freshly warmed solutions are necessary. Although Hypaque is utilized as a 90 per cent solution (90 gm. per 100 c.c.), the actual iodine content in the usual 50-c.c. dose is 23.0 gm. Urokon in 70 per cent solution (70 gm. per 100 c.c.) has an iodine content of 23.1 grams in the usual 50-c.c. dose. Thus, although 90 per cent Hypaque is more concentrated, the actual iodine content is not increased. Methods and Material Angiocardiography and nephrotomography in the average unanesthetized adult require rapid intravenous injection of 50 c.c, of concentrated contrast material within two seconds. Angiocardiography (2) is usually performed in the upright position and nephrotomography (3) in the supine position. We have injected 28 patients for angiocardiographic study and 22 patients for nephrotomographic study. Twenty-two of these patients received two injections, usually within a fifteen-minute interval. Thus, there has been a total of 72injections of 90 per cent Hypaque. Of the 50 patients, 31 were male and 19 female; the youngest was thirteen years and the oldest seventy-six years of age. The dose has varied between 30 and 50 c.c. per injection, depending upon the size and the age of the patient. Four patients received less than 50 c.c, per injection. Results The rapid injection of concentrated contrast material for angiocardiography or nephrotomography is frequently associated with symptoms referable to the speed of injection, the excitement of the examination, and the material used. In contrast to routine intravenous urography, a high percentage of reactions is accepted as a part of the examination (4)." @default.
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• W1815874145 date "1956-08-01" @default.
• W1815874145 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1815874145 title "Ninety Per Cent Hypaque for Rapid Intravenous Roentgenography" @default.
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• W1815874145 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/67.2.244" @default.
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