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• W1819488045 abstract "In 1862 William James Little, a London orthopaedic surgeon wrote:‘The object of this communication is to show that the act of birth does occasionally imprint upon the nervous and muscular systems of the nascent infantile organism very serious and peculiar evils. Nearly twenty years ago... I showed that premature birth, difficult labours, mechanical injuries during parturition to head and neck, where life had been saved, convulsions following the act of birth, were apt to be succeeded by a determinate affection of limbs of new-born children, spastic rigidity from asphyxia neonatorum, and assimilated it to the trismus nascentium and the universal spastic rigidity sometimes produced at later periods of existence1.’This condition was known as Little's disease until William Osler coined the term cerebral palsy in 1888. He too noted the association with difficult deliveries and with asphyxia requiring prolonged resuscitation2. In the 1890s Sigmund Freud was the first to recognize that antepartum and postpartum factors could cause a similar condition. He postulated that most cases arose from difficult birth but speculated that the birth difficulty might have been caused by some underlying condition2. The asphyxia theory was subsequently given impetus when research in monkeys showed that perinatal asphyxia could cause brain damage3.In the past 30 years, great increases in the use of fetal monitoring and caesarean section have been driven by the belief that early detection of asphyxia and speedy delivery will prevent brain damage. In parallel with these changes there has been an unprecedented rise in malpractice litigation. Surprisingly, over the same period the incidence of cerebral palsy in term infants has not changed4,5. This lack of impact prompted epidemiological studies which showed that asphyxia accounts for less than 10% of cases6. In 1999 an international consensus statement was published to provide an agreed reference for use by the courts and expert witnesses in birth injury litigation7. The intention was to provide a template that could be modified as new knowledge became available8." @default.
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• W1819488045 date "2001-12-01" @default.
• W1819488045 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
• W1819488045 title "Cerebral Palsy–Medicolegal Aspects" @default.
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• W1819488045 doi "https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680109401205" @default.
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