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• W1827027969 abstract "The increasing interaction of cultures and traditions in today's world makes religious diversity impossible to ignore. Instead, we must attempt to make sense of it and its implications for our own religious convictions. Christians may wonder, for example, whether non-Christians can be saved and, if they can be, whether they are saved through the discovery of truth outside the Christian context or whether the Christian revelation is the only How should the notion of salvation be understood? What effect should the belief that Christians are commissioned to spread the gospel have on a Christian's relationship with people of other faiths? Might Christianity not learn much from other religions? The various responses Christians have offered in addressing such questions are often categorized theologians in terms of a threefold typology comprising exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism. (1) Exclusivists say that their religion is the only true religion and that only those who adhere to it are saved; inclusivists also say that their religion alone is true but think that fragments of its truth may be found in other religions (Typically, Christianity is seen to be the fulfillment of other religions.); and pluralists say that all the major religions contain truth and constitute equally effective paths to salvation or liberation. (2) Gavin D'Costa categorized himself as an inclusivist for many years and defended the threefold typology against its critics. (3) Now, however, he has changed his mind, arguing that the typology is incoherent and, therefore, redundant. (4) Inevitably, claims D'Costa, both pluralists and inclusivists use an exclusivist logic, and is, therefore, a misconceived paradigm that fails to deliver on its promise of openness, tolerance, and equality. According to D'Costa, there are only different forms of exclusivism. (5) In The Meeting of Religions and the Trinity, he proposes a form of Roman Catholic Trinitarian exclusivism that he believes better embodies, justifies, and articulates the pluralists' goals. (6) In section I of this essay I look at D'Costa's criticisms of pluralism and inclusivism with the intention of showing that, although they are compelling, they do not entail the redundancy of the threefold typology. In section II, I summarize D'Costa's positive proposal before arguing in section III that it actually falls foul of his own criticisms, so far-reaching is his logical point. However, in section IV--the main focus of the paper--I will contend that D'Costa is mistaken in his conviction that we are always confined to the framework of exclusivism. Although he correctly identifies that Hick's approach is not genuinely pluralistic, he is wrong to conclude that a genuinely pluralistic approach is impossible. Drawing on the work of Judson Trapnell, I will argue that pluralism is not so much a theory arrived at through logical reasoning as it is an approach that has its basis in experiences of reality that transcend the usual limitations of one's tradition-specific point of view. Pluralism might not be a rational possibility, but it is a spiritual possibility. I. D 'Costa's Rejection of the Possibility of Pluralism D'Costa's reason for rejecting the possibility of pluralism is that all pluralists inevitably deploy some form of tradition-specific criteria for truth and, by virtue of this, anything that falls foul of such criteria is excluded from counting as truth. (7) Therefore, pluralism operates within the same logical structure as exclusivism. He points out that, if pluralists were to claim that they did not operate with any such exclusive criteria, they would not be able to distinguish between the truth-claims of, for example, the Confessing Church and those German Christians who followed Hitler. Unsurprisingly, pluralists wish to draw such distinctions. (8) D'Costa asserts, therefore, that the real differences among those called pluralists, inclusivists, and exclusivists are between what criteria are used to determine what counts as truth and how these criteria operate. …" @default.
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• W1827027969 date "2003-06-22" @default.
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• W1827027969 title "Reconsidering the Possibility of Pluralism" @default.
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