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• W18305836 abstract "The dissertation deals with wood, bark and pith anatomy of trees and shrubs of Cyprus. It consist of three parts: (1) the anatomical description of stem wood, twig bark and pith of the endemic and indigenous trees and shrubs species belonging to the flora of the island, (2) the ecological wood and bark anatomies interpretation and (3) a study focused on conductive vs. mechanical tradeoff in climbers vs. subshrubs.Original samples for each species were collected during 3 field trips on Cyprus. About 270 species were collected, and 600 double stained (astra blue and safranin) slides were prepared. New lists of anatomical features were developed for the specific needs of this research, especially for bark and pith anatomy. The described species represent almost the entire woody flora of the island. A great number of them have never been anatomically described before. The anatomical descriptions are a perfect base for wood anatomists interested to wood structure of single species or the range of anatomical patterns within the Eastern Mediterranean region, and also for archeologist and palaeobotanists who determine wood remains, and for wood technologist who compare structures with physical wood properties.In the ecological wood anatomy analysis we observed wood diffuse porous structure associated to woody chamaephytes. We detected semi-ring and ring porous xylems related to nanophanerophytes and phanerophytes. Rays features seem to be associate to space filling in wood, and the rays dimensional features seems to be constrained by vessels. In fact, rays became larger moving from woody chamaephytes to phanerophytes, and the numbers of rays per millimeter decrease moving from woody chamaephytes to phanerophytes, maybe allowing vessels to be greater in taller life forms. Raylessness is clearly associated to woody chamaephytes. Rays composition vary from homogeneous in woody chamaephytes, to heterogeneous in nanophanerophytes and phanerophytes. The axial parenchyma was rare in woody chamaephytes, apotracheal in nanophanerophytes and mainly paratracheal in phanerophytes. Endemic species showed absence of axial parenchyma, raylessness, homogeneous rays, and did not show association to tension wood. We recorded a predominance of diffuse porous species in dry/hot site, and the presence of ring porous species in wet/cold sites. Diffuse porous structures were associated to rocky and sandy sites, and semi-ring porous woods to forest and shrublands habitats. Thick walled fibers species were associated to moist and ruderal habitats, thin walled fibers to forest and shrubland species. A clear trend was observed in fiber wall thickness vs. wood density: greater in the fiber wall thickness, greater is the wood density.The bark anatomical features describe sieve tube morphology and distribution, sclerenchyma presence and arrangement, rays, phellem, phelloderm, crystals, secretory structures, and appearance under polarized light. Sieve tubes were typically arranged tangentially in nanophanerophytes but not in woody chamaephytes. Bark ray dilatation was noted in moist site species but lacking in endemic, shrubland, and forest species. Sclerenchyma tended to be lacking in woody chamaephytes, and in endemic and dry site species. The tangential arrangement of fibers tended to be lacking in woody chamaephytes and Mediterranean species. The presence of prismatic crystals was associated with nanophanerophytes and phanerophytes, but not with endemic, shrubland, or forest species. Phloem homogeneity was associated with endemic species. Phellem homogeneity was associated with climbers, phanerophytes, and species of moist habitats. The association of sclerenchyma with life form suggests a biomechanical role, especially for young twigs. The level of endemism and the species' habitat were strongly linked to a number of bark features opening new fields of ecophyletic and ecophysiological investigation. In the third part of the dissertation the all sampled woody climbers (10 species) and most of the woody subshrubs (25 species) of Cyprus were characterized by their vessel and fiber anatomies relative to mechanical and hydraulic function. Consistent with their lower need for self-support, on average the climbers had lower wood density than did the subshrubs, and had a lower proportion of their cross-section devoted to fibers. Consistent with climbers’ need for higher hydraulic conductance and total plant height, climbers had vessel sizes and frequencies closer to the theoretical packing limit than did subshrubs." @default.
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• W18305836 date "2012-01-25" @default.
• W18305836 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W18305836 title "Wood, bark and pith structure in trees and shrubs of Cyprus: anatomical descriptions and ecological interpretation" @default.
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