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- W1834132593 abstract "Controlling food-safety risks has received increased public and private attention in the last several years. The increased attention stems from several sources. New scientific evidence has linked food-borne hazards to human health; consumers now demand higher levels of food safety because of higher income; and consumers have increased preferences for “food-safety attributes” in foods due to greater awareness of food-borne problems. Other changes in food markets and supply contribute to the rise in food-safety problems. The increase in consumers’ food spending to away-fromhome sources of food has shifted control of food preparation and service away from consumers’ control. Recurring food recalls, well-publicized food-borne health risks and threats (including new concerns about bio-terrorism) and large-scale, centralized production and distribution channels have heightened consumers’ awareness of the vulnerability of their food supply to food-borne hazards. In addition, as technical and trade barriers to food trade have fallen, trade in food products has increased and imported foods represent a growing source of foods in many countries. This trade also introduces new sources of risk in the food supply through easier transfer of foodborne hazards and plant and animal diseases. The changes in food markets and increased awareness of food-borne illness as a public-health concern have led to increased public and private demand for food safety. Private certification (both self and third party), related contracting schemes, and quality-control systems have become important methods of quality assurance in food marketing and trade. In the public sector, there has been increased interest in policies and regulation to assure public health and, at the same time, make efficient use of public resources. Significant innovation in both the private and public sector has led to the development of methods and institutions to improve safety of products and assure consumers of the safety of the food supply. Food-safety assurance is at the heart of the food-safety problem. Private markets often fail to provide adequate food safety because information costs are high, detection often very difficult, and the nature of the contamination is complex. Underlying many of the food-safety failures is the existence of externalities, or costs not borne by those whose actions create them. Externalities tend to arise when strong dependencies govern relationships between economic agents, and when the production environment is not sufficiently well understood to allow market-based solutions (Hennessy, Roosen and Jensen 2002). Strong dependencies between agent decisions exist in food supply chains. Microbial agents are widespread, can lead to significant hazards, are often difficult to detect, and can re-enter the food supply chain, even after control at earlier stages. When firms are not able to capture fully the" @default.
- W1834132593 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1834132593 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W1834132593 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1834132593 title "Food-system risk analysis and HACCP" @default.
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