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- W1835862846 abstract "Foreign investments are on the increase and so is the conclusion of bilateral investment treaties. BITs provide foreign investors with more protection than would otherwise have been the case. (See in general Norah Gallagher and Laurence Shore 'Bilateral Investment Treaties : Options and drawbacks' 2004 Int Arb LR 49-53.) The application of BITs is fairly clear-cut and due to the advantages that such an application holds, foreign investors are developing a tendency to try and broaden the scope of their application still further. Some investors have alleged that breaches of state contracts constitute a breach of BITs. However, when disputes arise in terms of a BIT, the investor is generally not granted a right to choose between various jurisdictions. Party autonomy is not recognised under international law, in this instance the investor does not enjoy the legal capacity to decide for himself regarding dispute resolution fora involving BITs. They have to abide by the decisions or intentions of the home state which were evident when the treaty was negotiated with the host state. Thus, while investors can, under domestic law, insert a choice of forum clause, 'this choice would have to be ignored in situations where the BIT provides for a single international dispute resolution forum'. The scope of jurisdiction is the only remaining problem (depending on the provisions of the BIT). This is where the so-called 'umbrella clause' comes in. This is a clause which includes the rights of the investor under contracts in the BIT. In the presence of such a clause, the tribunal would be entitled to decide upon all possible claims brought by the investor both contract and treaty. (Jorn Griebel 'The Vivendi case - Some critical remarks concerning the question of jurisdiction' 2004 Int ALR 67 70.) The language of the particular BIT will ultimately determine whether this argument will prevail (Bernardo M Cremades 'Disputes arising out of foreign direct investment in Latin America: A new look at the Calvo doctrine and other jurisdictional issues' 2004 Disp Resol J 78 83 ff)." @default.
- W1835862846 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1835862846 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W1835862846 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
- W1835862846 title "Foreign direct investment and umbrella clauses under BITs : foreign judicial decisions" @default.
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