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• W184509180 abstract "Embedded in both and are basic views of the world, basic views of human nature, and basic views of the way individuals do business in this world, Mr. Soder, who served as guest editor of this special section, reminds us. THIS SPECIAL section of the Kappan focuses on the differences between school renewal and school reform and on the implications of those differences for educational practice in a democratic society. Some might argue that we are splitting hairs here, engaging in abstruse and irrelevant disputes. In response, I (and in their various ways the authors of the subsequent articles) would argue that the differences and the implications of those differences are profound. Indeed, there is much at stake, much more than prevailing in an arcane academic disputation. For embedded in both and are basic views of the world, basic views of human nature, and basic views of the way individuals do business in this world. can get at these embedded views not by applying litmus tests for political correctness but by critically examining the likelihood that certain perennial and fundamental topics will underlie the respective rhetorical claims of renewal and reform. I do not mean to imply that someone in a camp is necessarily unconcerned with, say, racism and social injustice or that someone in the camp necessarily regards these matters as crucial. By and large, we are talking about probabilities, which, of course, are central to rhetoric. Cast your eye on the rhetorical terrains of reform and renewal and determine how often particular topics are salient features of the landscape and how often others appear to matter. A careful examination of the topics of the rhetorical claims of reform and renewal will give readers a reasonably good sense of what is embedded in those claims.1 Thus, for example, in many of the major state and federal reforms, we find a rather complacent acceptance or even affirmation of given class and other social structures. The operant world view (usually implicit) would seem to be don't rock the boat, with no need for explicit attention to such fundamental issues as social injustice, racism, sexism, savage inequalities, and like matters. Renewal efforts, on the other hand, tend toward an alternative world view. Matters of justice, equity, diversity, access to knowledge, shared power, democracy, republican government, and so forth are often explicit issues to be worked on over the long haul. Fundamentally contrasting views of human nature are equally apparent, especially with regard to the basic relationship between human nature and freedom. can accept the word of Dostoevsky's Grand Inquisitor. People want freedom, the Grand Inquisitor reasons. They can't stand to have it, will do anything to get rid of it, and want to be ruled by miracle, mystery, and authority. Or we can argue that people want freedom and that freedom is an inherent part of the human condition. What do the rhetorics of reform and renewal say about freedom? As for the ways of doing business in the world, the choices are few. You can tell people what to do, or you can let people determine their purposes and the ways to achieve them. The prevailing but not necessarily right and certainly not attractive view involves the exercise of force from those on high and the requirement of compliance from those below. One common approach is to bribe people with big bucks (or sometimes even a few dollars) and punish them if they do what you want. Another common approach is the threat of force, that is, persuasion via Don Corleone's offer you can't refuse. This approach is reflected in the Bolshevik slogan We shall drive mankind to happiness by force. All of these approaches demand compliance, and no other response is acceptable. But compliance is never edifying, it never rings with human dignity, and it never pulsates with excitement and curiosity and wonder. …" @default.
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• W184509180 date "1999-04-01" @default.
• W184509180 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W184509180 title "When Words Find Their Meaning: Renewal Versus Reform." @default.
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