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• W1849302557 endingPage "1228" @default.
• W1849302557 startingPage "1209" @default.
• W1849302557 abstract "Abstract Science increasingly involves complex modeling. Here we describe a model for cell electroporation in which membrane properties are dynamically modified by poration. Spatial scales range from cell membrane thickness (5 nm) to a typical mammalian cell radius (10 $$upmu$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:math> m), and can be used with idealized and experimental pulse waveforms. The model consists of traditional passive components and additional active components representing nonequilibrium processes. Model responses include measurable quantities: transmembrane voltage, membrane electrical conductance, and solute transport rates and amounts for the representative “long” and “short” pulses. The long pulse—1.5 kV/cm, 100 $$upmu$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:math> s—evolves two pore subpopulations with a valley at $${sim}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 5 nm, which separates the subpopulations that have peaks at $${sim}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 1.5 and $${sim}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 12 nm radius. Such pulses are widely used in biological research, biotechnology, and medicine, including cancer therapy by drug delivery and nonthermal physical tumor ablation by causing necrosis. The short pulse—40 kV/cm, 10 ns—creates 80-fold more pores, all small ( $$<$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mo><</mml:mo> </mml:math> 3 nm; $$sim$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 1 nm peak). These nanosecond pulses ablate tumors by apoptosis. We demonstrate the model’s responses by illustrative electrical and poration behavior, and transport of calcein and propidium. We then identify extensions for expanding modeling capability. Structure-function results from MD can allow extrapolations that bring response specificity to cell membranes based on their lipid composition. After a pulse, changes in pore energy landscape can be included over seconds to minutes, by mechanisms such as cell swelling and pulse-induced chemical reactions that slowly alter pore behavior." @default.
• W1849302557 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1849302557 creator A5006870070 @default.
• W1849302557 creator A5009955990 @default.
• W1849302557 creator A5019136974 @default.
• W1849302557 creator A5040752692 @default.
• W1849302557 creator A5091078972 @default.
• W1849302557 date "2014-07-22" @default.
• W1849302557 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1849302557 title "Basic Features of a Cell Electroporation Model: Illustrative Behavior for Two Very Different Pulses" @default.
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