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• W185070110 abstract "THE JUNIOR RESERVE OFFICERS' Training Corps (JROTC) is flourishing. Enjoying strong support at both the national and local levels, it boasts larger enrollment and encompasses more high schools than ever in its 85-year history. In fact, the Army cannot accommodate all of the institutional applicants for the program. Midway through 2000, more than 300 secondary schools were on the waiting list for new units, and that list was growing weekly. Geographically, JROTC stretches around the world. It is now offered in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam and overseas in Department of Defense (DOD)-operated schools for military dependents.1 Post-Cold War Growth Between 1992 and 2000 enrollment nearly doubled while unit strength rose by 60 percent due to an expansion President George H. Bush announced on 24 August 1992. Bush described JROTC as a great program that boosts high school completion rates, reduces drug use, raises self-esteem and gets these kids firmly on the right track.2 The Fiscal Year 1993 National Defense Authorization Act raised the maximum allowable number of JROTC units DOD-wide from 1600 to 3500.3 Bush's expansion plan called for the Army to boost its institutional base from 875 to 1682 units between 1992 and 1997. Operation Young Citizen, the US Army Cadet Command named the plan, proceeded as scheduled until March 1995 when the expansion stalled at its existing level of approximately 1370 schools. Fiscal shortfalls stopped program growth 305 schools short of the original expansion goal. A special effort was made to bring in institutions that, according to DOD criteria, qualified as educationally or economically disadvantaged schools. Institutions in these categories, many of which were rural and inner-city schools, could receive up to five years of special financial assistance if they agreed to host JROTC unit. Overall, about 35 percent of the institutions added to the program between 1992 and 1995 benefited from such aid. Operation Young Citizen also had ambitious geographic distribution objectives and emphasized establishing units across the northern states (particularly New England) where JROTC was underrepresented. By 1995 institutional representation across this northern belt had risen by more than 100 percent. Another Young Citizen goal was to have JROTC program in every state. It met this goal in September 1995 by establishing unit in White Mountains High School, Whitefield, Vermont.4 Today, JROTC is on the verge of another round of growth. In July 1999 Secretary of the Army Louis Caldera announced the start of second post-Cold War expansion with the goal of adding 275 units by 2005. The current plan is to add 50 high schools in school year 2000-01 and approximately 45 more each year for the next five years. JROTC Support With the collapse of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact, the need for huge US Army receded. At the same time, pressures built to use the military in ways that would help meet some of the United States' domestic needs. One of the most articulate and influential voices advocating wider societal role for the US Armed Forces was Senator Sam Nunn of Georgia. Nunn urged that the military's spectrum of capabilities be reinvigorated to address urgent social problems such as the lack of role models for young people. In his opinion, the hard-working, disciplined men and women of the Armed Forces could serve as very powerful force among our young people-especially where family structures are weakened by poverty, drugs and crime. He viewed JROTC as one instrument through which the services could interact with the inner-city youth.5 While leaders like Nunn helped create supportive environment for JROTC growth, it was Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell who focused DOD's attention and resources on the expansion. Powell characterized JROTC as the best opportunity for the Department of Defense to make positive impact on the Nation's youth. …" @default.
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• W185070110 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W185070110 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W185070110 title "JROTC: Recent Trends and Developments" @default.
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