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• W1850767029 abstract "Due to their high swelling ability, high water retention capacity and low permeability, compacted bentoniteshave been considered as a key component of cover lining systems for storage of low and medium level toxicwastes and as barrier and backfilling materials for long-term safe storage of high level toxic waste in manycountries. This thesis presents an experimental, theoretical and numerical study of thermo-hydromechanical-chemical behaviour of MX80 bentonite in geotechnical applications.The determination of swelling pressures of compacted bentonites is an important aspect of most bentonitebasedbarrier systems. Swelling pressures of bentonites are usually determined in the laboratory underconstant volume conditions using oedometers. Powdered bentonites are usually compacted in stainless steelcylindrical specimen rings and tested immediately after the compaction process is completed. The swellingpressures thus measured are influenced by some post compaction residual stresses. However, bentonites inthe form of pellets and bricks are prepared and used in repository conditions that, in turn, are free from anypost compaction residual stresses. The influence of post compaction residual stress on swelling pressures ofcompacted bentonites for a range of dry density that are of interest has not been explored in the past. Suchstudies are of potential interest for the safe and efficient designs of toxic waste disposal repositories. Manyof the waste repositories are commissioned in locations where the ground water either contains significantamount of salts or the repositories are anticipated to receive saline water from sea. Additionally, in somecases, the wastes that are disposed emit very high temperatures (e.g. spent fuel). Under these repositoryconditions, compacted bentonite barriers are subjected to both thermal and hydraulic loadings at oppositeboundaries. A detailed study devoted to appreciate the combined influence of an elevated temperature, bulkfluid type and solute transport due to both hydraulic and thermal gradients are necessary to better theunderstanding of the mechanical behaviour of compacted bentonites in many practical engineeringproblems.Constant volume swelling pressure tests were carried out on compacted MX80 bentonite specimens in orderto study the influence of post compaction residual stress, electrolyte concentration and temperature (forisothermal conditions) on the swelling pressure. The dry density of the bentonite was varied between 1.1 to1.9 Mg/m3 to cover a wide range of compaction conditions. Theoretical assessments of swelling pressureswere made using the Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory and the Stern theory, as applicable tointeracting clay platelet systems. Further, the experimental and the theoretical swelling pressures werecompared in order to bring out the applicability of the electrical theories in assessing swelling pressures ofbentonites for both compacted saturated and initially saturated slurried conditions. A series of thermal andthermo-hydraulic tests were carried out on bentonite specimens under laboratory scale settings. During thethermal tests, temperatures of 85 and 25 °C were applied at the bottom and top ends of the specimens,respectively. During the thermo-hydraulic tests, in addition to unequal temperature at opposite ends, distilledwater was supplied from the top end of the specimens. The temperature and the relative humidity weremonitored along predetermined depths of the specimens during both types of testing methods. The swellingpressure variations were monitored at the opposite end of the heat source. Changes in water content, drydensity and concentrations of cations and anions along predetermined depths of the specimens weremeasured after termination of each of the tests. A thermo-hydro-mechanical finite element simulation wasundertaken specifically for swelling pressures using the numerical code COMPASS (COde for ModellingPArtially Saturated Soils). Further, the experimental and the simulated results were compared both forthermal and thermo-hydraulic boundary conditions.Compacted bentonite specimens with post compaction residual stresses exhibited lesser swelling pressuresas compared to their stress released counterparts. Agreements between the calculated swelling pressuresfrom the Stern theory and the experimental swelling pressure results were found to be reasonable forcompaction dry densities of less than 1.45 Mg/m3, whereas at higher dry densities, agreements between themeasured swelling pressures and those calculated from the electrical theories were found to be poor.Conversely, compressibility behaviour of initially saturated slurried bentonites was found to be capturedwell by the electrical theories. On account of vapour flow under thermal gradients, compacted bentonitespecimens exhibited swelling pressures at the opposite end of the heat source. The measured swellingpressure for the thermal gradient adopted varied between 0.5 to 1.2 MPa, whereas greater swelling pressureswere noted due to an applied thermo-hydraulic gradient. Evaporation, condensation, diffusion and advectionprocesses influenced the distribution of ions in compacted bentonite when subjected to both thermal andthermo-hydraulic gradients. The finite element code, COMPASS, enabled assessing changes in suction andswelling pressure of compacted bentonite satisfactorily under both thermal and thermo-hydraulic hydraulicgradients." @default.
• W1850767029 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1850767029 creator A5018500549 @default.
• W1850767029 date "2011-01-01" @default.
• W1850767029 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1850767029 title "Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical behaviour of MX80 bentonite in geotechnical applications" @default.
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