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• W1852991702 abstract "TheAfrican cat¢sh, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell1822) is one of the most important species currently being farmed. Clarias gariepinus is a native species of tropical and subtropical fresh waters. It has been widely farmed in heated waters outside its natural range (Hecht & Appelbaum 1987), mainly in intensive culture in recirculating systems. The rapid growth even at high density, ability to breathe air and to withstand poor water quality and low food requirement make C. gariepinus an excellent ¢sh for aquaculture. In recirculating systems, larval rearing is the bottleneck in C. gariepinus production (Verreth 1994), although great progress has been made on the development of larval diets (Hecht, Ollermann & Verheust 1996). Larvae of African cat¢sh are generally weaned with natural food organisms that seem to be a prerequisite for the early larval rearing, and Artemia is often described as a reference diet in larval nutrition studies. Using natural food is costly, time consuming and not always available for the ¢sh breeder. Production of live food also needs adapted structures. Recently, an alternative to Artemia live food was developed for the marine hatchery market. This new generation of starter feed is described as more digestible, metabolizable and with better formulation (Gemma micro s , Skretting, commercial prospectus). The objective of the present investigation was to assess the possibility to replace partially or totally live food (Artemia nauplii) by a commercial arti¢cial food. Larvae of C. gariepinus were obtained by arti¢cial reproduction with captive breeders reared in the Aquaculture Research and Education Centre of the University of Lie' ge. Larvae were reared in 50-L aquaria in a recirculating system at 28.0 0.1 1C, pH57.6 0.2, with constant aeration (O255 0.8 ppm) and renewal rate (0.5 Lmin ). Concentrations of total ammonia and nitrites were 0.68 0.26 and 0.22 0.26mgL . The experiment was conducted in two phases: during the ¢rst 13 days post ¢rst feeding (feeding begin 48 h post hatching), larvae were fed with or without A. nauplii andwith diierent feed (six feeding regimes in duplicate, Table 1) at 500 ¢sh/50-L aquaria. Two commercial larval feed were used: ‘Gemma micro s ’ Skretting (particles size 150^300 mm), a marine larval feed or ‘Lucky Star s ’ (particles size 150^300 mm), a freshwater larval feed. Compositions are presented in Table 2. Fish were fed ad libitum six times a day from 09:00 to 17:00 hours.When necessary, excess feed was removed from the aquaria at the end of the day. In the second phase, from D13 to D32, larvae weaned with the diierent regimes were reared at 200 ¢sh/50-L aquaria and fed with the same feed (Lucky Star s , particles size 300^500 mm) to evaluate the eiect of ¢rst feeding regimes on growth and survival after the weaning period. At the end of each phase, biomass was measured and 50 ¢sh were individually weighed. Speci¢c growth rate SGR, food conversion ratio FCR and survival rate were calculated according to the formula: SGR5100 (lnW2 lnW1) (t2 t1) whereW2 andW1 are mean body weight (g) at day t2 and t1, FCR5C (¢nal biomass initial biomass) 1 where C is total food Aquaculture Research, 2010, 1^4 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02709.x" @default.
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• W1852991702 date "2010-11-30" @default.
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• W1852991702 title "Effect of feeding regimes on growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus larvae: replacement of Artemia by a commercial feed" @default.
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• W1852991702 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02709.x" @default.
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