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- W1854662175 abstract "The events of the Arab Spring instilled in many authorities the considerable fear that they could too easily lose control over the narratives of legitimacy that undergird their power. This threat to national power was already a part of central thinking in Iran. Their reaction to the Arab Spring was especially marked because of a long-held feeling that strategic communicators from outside the state’s borders were purposely reinforcing domestic discontent. I characterize strategic communications as, most dramatically, investment by an external source in methods to alter basic elements of a societal consensus. In this essay, I want to examine what this process looks like from what might be called the “inside,” the view from the perspective of the target society. A focused effort or a campaign of this kind, moves, one might say, from what has traditionally been called “soft power” to a different level of engagement that might be, and has been, called a “soft war.” In recent years, Iran has characterized efforts by the United States, alone or with other states, as engaging in such intensified measures against its existing governing structure. In this essay, I explore whether a line between soft power and soft war can be drawn, and how the Iran experience, crowded as it is between competing measures and countermeasures, might contribute to the theory of strategic communications. How does such a “soft war” become articulated by the target, and how are the contours of “free expression” implicated as the emphasis flows more to “war” than to the “softness” of the equation?" @default.
- W1854662175 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1854662175 date "2012-10-02" @default.
- W1854662175 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1854662175 title "Iran and the Soft War" @default.
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