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• W1855396097 endingPage "1686" @default.
• W1855396097 startingPage "1675" @default.
• W1855396097 abstract "Hepatitis C virus infection affects 170 million people worldwide, and the majority of individuals exposed to HCV develop chronic hepatitis leading to progressive liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. The natural history of HCV infection is influenced by genetic and environmental factors of which chronic alcohol use is an independent risk factor for cirrhosis in HCV-infected individuals. Both the hepatitis C virus and alcohol damage the liver and result in immune alterations contributing to both decreased viral clearance and liver injury. This review will capture the major components of the interactions between alcohol and HCV infection to provide better understanding for the molecular basis of the dangerous combination of alcohol use and HCV infection. Common targets of HCV and alcohol involve innate immune recognition and dendritic cells, the critical cell type in antigen presentation and antiviral immunity. In addition, both alcohol and HCV affect intracellular processes critical for hepatocyte and immune cell functions including mitochondrial and proteasomal activation. Finally, both chronic alcohol use and hepatitis C virus infection increase the risk of hepatocellular cancer. The common molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological interactions between alcohol and HCV include the modulation of cytokine production, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-TLR4 signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. LPS-induced chronic inflammation is not only a major cause of progressive liver injury and fibrosis, but it can also contribute to modification of the tissue environment and stem cells to promote hepatocellular cancer development. Alteration of these processes by alcohol and HCV produces an environment of impaired antiviral immune response, greater hepatocellular injury, and activation of cell proliferation and dedifferentiation." @default.
• W1855396097 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1855396097 creator A5001400839 @default.
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• W1855396097 creator A5016490827 @default.
• W1855396097 creator A5043258226 @default.
• W1855396097 creator A5051120536 @default.
• W1855396097 creator A5057107186 @default.
• W1855396097 date "2010-07-01" @default.
• W1855396097 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
• W1855396097 title "Alcohol and Hepatitis C Virus-Interactions in Immune Dysfunctions and Liver Damage" @default.
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