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• W1856644060 abstract "This work is about emergent states in active fluids, meaning fluids consisting of self-propelled units. The collective behavior of such units with spherical and rodlike shape is investigated in bulk as well as in systems with confinements of various characteristics. These emerging states will be mainly analysed by Brownian dynamics simulations and the results can be applied to various domains of science: self-propelled particles can be manufactured synthetically (chemistry and even robotics) or are present in nature, e.g. in form of bacteria, fish, and birds, (biology) and the study of their statistical properties and collective behavior has emerged as a popular topic in physics over the past years. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to active fluids. An explanation why the particles within these fluids objects are called active'' will be given alongside examples for living and artificial colloidal active particles. Furthermore, the theory behind the dynamics of these particles will be described, including a detailed explanation of the corresponding simulation routine and the particle model employed throughout this thesis. Moreover, a brief summary on statistical properties of polymers in equilibrium will be given. Chapter 2 considers self-propelled particles propagating on circular paths in bulk. Collective properties of such circle swimmers will be investigated and a state diagram will be mapped out for varying particle density and swimming path radii. The four emerging distinctive states will be quantified by suitable order parameters. A simple theory will be proposed to predict the found state diagram. Beginning with Chapter 3 we will include an obstacle in the considered system of active particles. From there on out, we will study active particles which propagate on straight lines. For such particles a stiff wedgelike obstacle represents an excellent trapping device and its efficiency can be controlled by varying the apex angle. Adopting an established technique from the fishing industry, the wedge will be dragged through the system of colloidal microswimmers. The collective trapping regimes will be investigated as well as the probability of trapping a single swimmer in relation to the apex angle and the dragging velocity. For the single swimmer case a theoretical prediction will be given, which will explain an unexpected reentrant effect in the trapping state diagram for both cases. Chapter 4 will show the possibility of extracting directed motion, in other words useable kinetic energy, out of a bacterial bath. Here a carrier (a wedgelike object) is submersed in active fluids of varied bacterial concentrations. The transport efficiency will be studied in experiments on living bacteria and compared to numerical results. As the explanation for the directed motion of the carrier, the concept of swirl shielding will be introduced. This will clarify why the transport velocity is maximal in a state which is known as bacterial turbulence. A deformable obstacle is considered in Chapter 5. It will be modeled as a semiflexible chain (like a polymer) and its statistical properties will be analysed for the case that it is submersed in a bacterial bath and compared to the well known case of the exposure to a thermal bath. Therefore, the length of the chain as well as the density and the activity of the active fluid will be varied. While the static properties for long chains are unaffected, there is a faster swelling of the polymer than described by the Flory exponent for short chains. Chapter 6 provides a conclusion and gives an outlook on problems that remain unanswered and need to be addressed in the future. In the Appendix the statistical properties of the motion of an active particle will be briefly summarized with respect to the mean square displacement and even higher displacement moments. Theoretical predictions, based on the used model in this thesis, are confirmed by experiments with artificial microswimmers." @default.
• W1856644060 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1856644060 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W1856644060 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1856644060 title "Emergent states in active fluids: From bulk to confinement" @default.
• W1856644060 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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