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- W1857449737 abstract "This chapter discusses partition affinity ligand assay (PALA) for quantifying haptens, macromolecules, and whole cells. The assays described in the chapter cover small molecules, macromolecules, and cell particles. The basis for separation is mainly differences in hydrophobicity, either naturally occurring or chemically induced, but also other possibilities are available. The separating power of aqueous two-phase systems can be divided into contributions by several factors, for example, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and charge. A generalized formula is discussed in the chapter where the subscripts el, hydrophob, hydrophil, and conform denote partition coefficients because of electrical, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and conformational effects. In case of cells, the situation is more complicated. It is, in principle, possible to design analytical procedures based on separation in aqueous two-phase systems owing to any one of the factors in the equation. Hydrophobicity has been found to be the best for most of the applications tested. However, in case of digoxin, the antibody could be made to pass to the bottom phase even better by coupling to hydrophilic carbohydrates. Therefore, binding assays involving separation using an aqueous two-phase system seem to be applicable to almost any system. The experimental procedure is very simple with few manual steps. These characteristics make PALA a competitive candidate when automation of binding assays is discussed in the chapter." @default.
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- W1857449737 date "1983-01-01" @default.
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- W1857449737 title "[39] Partition affinity ligand assay (PALA) for quantifying haptens, macromolecules, and whole cells" @default.
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- W1857449737 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(83)92042-6" @default.
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