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- W1861438748 abstract "This chapter analyses linkages between growth, trade, and the environment in Vietnam using the empirical economy-wide model presented in Chapter 3. The investigation considers trade liberalisation and environmental policy reforms and their coordination. The analysis decomposes the change in pollution emission induced by changes in the sectoral composition of production and consumption, effects of technology on emission intensity, and aggregate scale effects. The study shows that outward orientation alone promotes growth and pollution, particularly in the area of airborne effluents. With only trade liberalisation, the results show that Vietnam would specialise in dirty activities that increase the emission of air pollution, such as in the energy sector. Pollution intensity of absorption also increases. Environmental taxes have a variable and sometimes significant negative impact on growth, depending on the effluent targeted. Taxes on all pollutants have a negative effect on trade, although most (excluding particulates, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and bioaccumulative toxic metals released in water) have a limited impact. Furthermore, some of the pollutants are substitutes, thus exacerbating the emission of other effluents when these pollutants are taxed. The results show that when free trade is combined with appropriate effluent taxes, the growth-environment trade-offs are minimised. There is a significant positive impact on growth (except in the case of bio-accumulative toxic metals released in water) and trade. Under the combined policy of an environmental tax and trade liberalisation, imports are substituted for pollutionintensive domestic production, and Vietnam would specialise in cleaner goods that can be exported. There is also evidence of a double dividend. Increasing effluent taxes, while decreasing border taxes, increases real income without deterioration of tax revenues." @default.
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- W1861438748 date "2005-11-28" @default.
- W1861438748 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W1861438748 title "Outward Orientation, Growth, and the Environment in Vietnam" @default.
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- W1861438748 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47672-x_9" @default.
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