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• W1863303 abstract "Addled and viable Great Horned Owl eggs were compared in terms of pesticide levels egg and eggshell parameters. Addled eggs were generally larger in linear measurement and weight than viable eggs. Thickness index values for addled eggs were lower than those for viable eggs and for those previously reported by Osborne and Winters (1977) and Anderson and Hickey (1970). All egg samples analyzed for pesticide residues contained moderate amounts of DDE, PCB, dieldrin, heptochlor epoxide and oxychlordane, while some samples contained measurable amounts of HCB and TDE. OHIO J. SCI. 80(4): 184, 1980 During the past 20 years, numerous studies have reported residues of chlorinated insecticides in the eggs of wild birds, but few studies have concentrated on terrestrial strigiformes. Seidensticker and Reynolds (1971) analyzed eggs of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginanus) and found measurable, but relatively low levels of DDT, DDD, DDE, and dieldrin in all eggs tested, plus heptochlor epoxide and PCB in some samples. Low levels of DDE were also reported in Canadian Great Horned Owl (Postupalsky 1970). In both raptors and passerines birds, parameters such as egg weight, volume, size, and shape have been related to geographical location, natural variation in egg sizes within clutches and species and to the widespread use of pesticides (Heath et al 1970, Osborne and Winters 1977). Anderson and Hickey (1970) showed that eggshell thickness was inversley proportional to residue levels in the egg. The purpose of the present study was to compare addled and viable eggs of Great Horned Owls in terms of pesiticide levels and eggshell parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen addled Great Horned Owl eggs representing 15 clutches were randomly collected in 3 Ohio counties (Butler, Delaware, and Hamilton) during 1974-77. Two viable eggs representing 2 clutches were collected in Manuscript received 17 April 1979 and in revised form 20 December 1979 (#79-23). Delaware and Butler Counties in 1978. Addled eggs were collected in Ohio during raptor censusing by John B. Holt, jr . and myself. After weights and linear measurements were taken, the eggs were frozen and stored at —5 °C for subsequent chemical analysis. Fertilization was determined by candling. Egg and Eggshell Parameters. Fresh eggs were weighed to the nearest 0.01 g and compared to the weight calculated using the index of Romanoff and Romanoff (1949). Egg volume was measured to the nearest milliliter by water displacement and compared to the estimate obtained using the index of Kcndeigh et al (1956). These index values allow one to compare our values with those reported by Osborne and Winters (1977). A Starrett 1010-M dial micrometer was used to measure eggshell thickness (minus membranes) . An average of 3 measurements, taken at the equator of the egg, was used as an index of shell thickness and compared with the thickness index as denned by Ratcliffe (1967, 1970) to determine relative eggshell thickness. This index has been used to document the relationship between eggshell thinning and the increase of persistent pesticides in the environment (Anderson and Hickey 1970, Cooke 1973). Four addled eggs were randomly picked for a pesticide analysis conducted by the Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, Ohio. Sample size was limited by financial considerations and technical assistance. Badly decomposed or dehydrated eggs were eliminated from the study. The contents of the eggs were prepared for chemical analysis by homogenization, divided into 25 g samples and analyzed by standard gas chromatographic techniques. The Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were separated on 2 ID glass columns and analyzed with a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph. Column packing material in column one was 4% OV101 chromo-" @default.
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• W1863303 date "1980-07-01" @default.
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• W1863303 title "Pesticide Levels, Egg and Eggshell Parameters of Great Horned Owls" @default.
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