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- W1867366263 abstract "The advantages of using 113mIn particles for perfusion lung scanning have been documented by Stern et al. (1) and Wagner et al. (2). Published methods of preparing these particles use iron added as ferric chloride as a carrier. In our laboratory we used Gemill's method of preparing 113mIn macroaggregates but noted flushing and apprehension in some patients upon injection. Since this reaction was seen only when iron was added as a carrier to indium pharmaceuticals, we began to search for a more suitable carrier. Criteria used to assess the acceptability of a new carrier were that it should be less toxic than iron, the method of preparation should be at least as simple as that described by Gemill et al. (3), and the resulting scans should be of comparable quality to those obtained with iron particles. We have found that aluminum meets these criteria. Aluminum was first considered as a possible substitute for iron on the basis of its chemical properties. Both indium and aluminum are in Group 3 a of the periodic table and, therefore, should have similar chemical properties. Their titration curves as shown in Figure 1 are essentially identical. On the other hand, titration with NaOH results in complete formation of ferric hydroxide before indium and aluminum hydroxides have begun to form to any appreciable extent. Technics for the preparation of Fe(In)(OH)8 particles, therefore, require additional steps such as heating (3) or a double titration (1) in order for aggregates to form. With aluminum as the carrier, the hydroxides are formed simultaneously and, consequently, aggregated particles are formed by a single titration. Heating is required, however, to form the larger particles necessary for lung scanning because aluminum hydroxide and presumably indium hydroxide have the unique characteristic of decreasing in solubility as the temperature increases. Aluminum hydroxide is as insoluble as ferric hydroxide having a solubility constant of less than 10-30. Aluminum also has the advantage over iron of a single oxidation state of +3. This makes it possible to prepare aluminum stock solutions well in advance without fear of autoreduction. The method we have developed for the preparation of Al(113mIn)(OH)3 optimizes the parameters involved so that the resulting procedure is simple, reproducible, and requires minimum technician time." @default.
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- W1867366263 date "1969-09-01" @default.
- W1867366263 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1867366263 title "113mIn (Aluminum) Hydroxide Particles for Lung Scanning" @default.
- W1867366263 doi "https://doi.org/10.1148/93.3.611" @default.
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