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- W1875573283 abstract "Hox genes are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play important roles in establishing the basic body plan of animals. Mammals have 39 Hox genes clustered into four chromosomal complexes. This gene family regulates the regional character and patterning of diverse structures along the anterior–posterior (A/P) axis of the embryo. Nested patterns of Hox gene expression generate a Hox combinatorial protein code that orchestrates the morphogenesis of structures in the nervous system, axial skeleton, limbs, intestine and many other tissues. In light of their key role in regulating morphogenesis across animal species, modulation of Hox expression or function over the course of evolution is believed to have been important in generating diversity. Key Concepts Axial patterning is the process that generates different regional characteristics during the development of a tissue, such as the nervous system or skeleton. Hox genes encode a family of transcription factors that regulate the identity of structures along the anterior–posterior (A/P) axis of embryos. Co-linearity is the correlation between the order of Hox genes along a chromosome and their expression along the axis of an embryo. The collection of Hox proteins expressed in a region provides a combinatorial code for specifying diversity. Posterior prevalence is a model for explaining why some Hox proteins dominate over others when they are co-expressed. Selector genes control the identity of a tissue. Homeotic transformation is the conversion of one structure into another due to loss or gain of selector gene activity. Segmentation subdivides a developing tissue, such as the hindbrain or skeleton, into repeating units that ultimately generate different structures along an axis. Subfunctionalisation is the partitioning of function and regulation between duplicated genes compared with the ancestral gene. Changes in Hox expression or function may be important for generating differences in structures during evolution of vertebrates. Cooption refers to the redeployment or coupling of a common molecular pathway to multiple patterning processes." @default.
- W1875573283 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1875573283 date "2015-04-14" @default.
- W1875573283 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1875573283 title "Mammalian Embryo:HoxGenes" @default.
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