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• W188014017 abstract "The hope that peace and reconciliation will prevail in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is what sustains the Banyamulenge people as they recover from the massacre at the village of Gatumba in the country of Burundi eight years ago. On August 13. 2004, 166 Banyamulenge Congolese were brutally killed in Burundi, and more than 100 others were seriously wounded. This massacre hit hard a population already traumatized by a history of persecution by political authorities and rival ethnic groups. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] On that sad day, armed groups attacked a refugee camp in Gatumba (near Burundi's capital, Bujumbura) where hundreds of Banyamulenge refugees were sheltered. The refugees had fled increasing violence in eastern DRC and growing animosity against them. They expected to be safe in Burundi, but their fate turned out to be catastrophic. They were mercilessly killed with gunfire, grenades, and machetes. The prime suspect in these killings is a Burundian armed group known as Forces Nationales de Liberation (FNL), formerly known as PALIPEHUTU. According to a report released in September 2004 by Human Rights Watch, the FNL was responsible for the slaughter; the FNL's spokesperson, Pasteur Habimana, accepted responsibility for the attack. Another suspect is the Congolese armed group known as Mai Mai, which allegedly crossed the border into Burundi and joined the FNL in that deadly attack. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The massacre took place in a context of endemic ethnic violence and war in the DRC and Burundi. First, the Banyamule--who are descendants of Tutsi from Rwanda--emigrated to eastern DRC in the eighteenth century from Rwanda. Although they have lived in the DRC for centuries, some Congolese extremists among the indigenous ethnic groups consider the Banyamulenge as Rwandans or not authentically Congolese. This situation has led to repeated discrimination and attacks against the Banyamulenge since the 1960s, In their quest for some recognition, the Banyamulenge eventually participated in the 1996-97 war that removed President Mobutu Sese Seko from power after thirty-two years of authoritarian rule. The subsequent president, Laurent Desire Kabila (1997-2001), was favorable to the Banyamulenge before he turned against them in 1998 following the conflict between the DRC and Rwanda. In 1998, Rwanda, Burundi, and Uganda sent their troops into the DRC to support Congolese rebel despair; joy in their hearts has bred forgiveness, not desire for revenge. Young people like Sandra Uwiringiy'imana understand that extremists killed her loved ones, but they could not kill her spirit. No one can possibly forget the past, yet the future deserves utmost attention. I know firsthand how it feels to lose loved ones for I, myself, lost my parents and my seven siblings in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. I also know firsthand how healing it is to maintain a positive attitude. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Our hope is that the massacre of Banyamulenge was a reminder that the DRC and Burundi suffer endemic violence. It was a reminder that individual perpetrators and individual armed groups are fundamentally the result of a history of violence and political instability, not a result of intrinsic malevolence. Hence forgiveness, reconciliation, and democracy are appropriate solutions to break the cycle of violence. These values ought to be taught to young people if future generations are to live in peace. Our hope is that the Survivors exhibition at Visual Studies Workshop will be another opportunity to remind the international community that the Banyamulenge people continue to be targeted (seven Banyamulenge were shot dead as recently as October 4, 2011). The exhibition will also be a reminder that the perpetrators of the Gatumba massacre remain on the loose. In all, the 2012 exhibition will be a call to nations and individuals to help build democratic institutions in the DRC and other states in the region. …" @default.
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• W188014017 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W188014017 title "Hope despite the Massacre at Gatumba" @default.
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