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• W18820674 abstract "This panel was convened at 9:00 am, Friday, March 27 by its moderator, Ryan Goodman of Harvard Law School, who introduced the panelists: Vera Gowlland-Debbas of the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies; Linos-Alexander Sicilianos of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; and Grainne de Burca of Fordham University School of Law. * REMARKS BY VERA GOWLLAND-DEBBAS ([dagger]) I would like to approach this topic from certain paradoxes in the international legal system. The first lies in the contradictory legal processes that reflect centrifugal and globalizing forces in international society: on the one hand, fragmentation and compartmentalization of international law and, on the other, construction of unifying, universalizing elements--an ordre public emerging from the hierarchization of rules due to a growing value-oriented or public interest-oriented international law. The international legal order has singled out certain vital functions of the system, inter alia, maintenance of international public order and the incorporation of a certain universal moral or ethical foundation in the form of human rights. This hierarchization of norms has paradoxically resulted in the construction of bridges between and the permeability of different areas of law simply because we need consistent and coherent responses to the challenges we are facing. Where international organizations (hereinafter 10s) are concerned, this has led to a trend to internalize such community values and interests, which in turn has required a re-interpretation of mandates. In the absence of a central instance for deciding on the content of a public policy, this is being done piecemeal through the practice of the individual institutions. Of course, the UN contains its own value system, including its human rights provisions. Yet, ironically, it is in the context of the UN that clashes between public policy norms have landed before a variety of judicial organs. This leads me to the second paradox that is to be found in the very decisions of the Security Council. On the one hand, it has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security, and on the other hand, in its practice it has also arraigned on itself a human rights protection function. The Security Council visibly is concerned with human rights. Rather than seeing a tension between human rights and maintenance of public order, we have seen a shift in priority with human rights now forming a component part of the security fabric--instead of, as originally intended, perceived as part of the longer-term creation of the conditions conducive to peace. In fact, in thus dabbling in human rights law, the Council has pre-empted the functions of other organs such as the General Assembly. The paradox lies in that effective implementation of Security Council decisions has challenged these fundamental principles, for its decisions are perceived as both modifying states' human rights obligations under international law and, in certain cases, purporting to override them. Let me illustrate this point by first turning to the human rights protection function of the Security Council. The collective security system has, of course, markedly evolved. From a systemic perspective, the Security Council, though a highly political organ, may now be seen as exercising certain functions of law enforcement and even purporting to act as a world legislature, which is far from the kinds of functions it was originally intended to exercise. This is a very interesting illustration of the conversion of politics into law, for a legal construction can be made out of what constitutes political and discretionary, or random, exercises of police powers. First, the Council has qualified state breaches of human rights and humanitarian law under Article 39 of the Charter by linking genocide, ethnic cleansing, violation of the right to self-determination, grave breaches of humanitarian law, etc. …" @default.
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• W18820674 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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• W18820674 title "Is the UN Security Council Bound by Human Rights Law" @default.
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