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• W188455449 abstract "My title contains a slightly less obvious play on words than the one which is immediately apparent, since the words could also be underlined or italicized. La Derniere Chance had been announced as the title of the fourth and final volume of the Roads to Freedom, Sartre's mammoth novel spanning the war years 1938-45. But La Derniere Chance was never written, or, at least, never completed. Two excerpts, published under the title A Strange Friendship (Drole d'amitie) appeared in Les Temps modernes at the end of 1949. We know from Simone de Beauvoir's reminiscences that Sartre produced a quite lengthy manuscript that I shall come back to later. But the project was left incomplete and the Roads to Freedom remains as a trilogy. Given the title, and in light of the fact that Sartre would never write another novel, one can, I think, legitimately ask the question: is the failure to complete The Last Chance in and of itself worth underlining? I want to examine Sartre's failure to complete the Roads to Freedom in relation to two major Sartrian preoccupations: the concept of commitment (l'engagement) fashioned by Sartre after his conversion from individualism to socialism in the critical year 1940, and the relationship of Sartre the novelist to Sartre the dramatist. I also want to suggest that the resulting inquiry and the paths that I will chart through various works and genres at different moments of Sartre's itinerary illuminate from a new perspective the stress-points of committed literature as a whole. There are also, I feel, compelling and unsuspected affinities between these zones of conflict and later theories of writing by writers and critics of the sixties and seventies whose work has usually been seen to stand in fundamental opposition to Sartre's post-war ambitions for literature. It is no secret that Sartre saw his experience of war - in his case, captivity and occupation - as the decisive formative event of his life. Its aesthetic consequences were almost immediate since Sartre's conversion to socialism in 1940 coincides with the writing and staging of his first major play, Bariona. And just as there are obvious parallels between the extreme individualism of Sartre's pre-war years and texts such as Nausea and The Wall whose anti-social protagonists relentlessly confirm their separation from others, so too are there links between Sartre's ideological conversion to social activism and his discovery of an aesthetic genre that is first and foremost a collective medium. It is no accident that Bariona was written in a prisoner of war camp where Sartre, basically through shared hardship, discovered strong feelings of solidarity and fraternity between himself and his fellow prisoners. All his life, Sartre talked of his experience in the camp and of its influence in forging the concept of engagement that would soon be so crucial to his subsequent work. As for Sartre's first theatrical venture, one can tell from his description of the only performance of Bariona (Christmas eve, 1940) that it was, in the fullest sense of the word, a revelation: My first experience of the theatre was especially fortunate. When I was a prisoner in Germany in 1940, I wrote, staged, and acted in a Christmas play which was addressed to my fellow prisoners. This drama, biblical in appearance only, was written and put on by a prisoner, was acted by prisoners before a set painted by prisoners; it was aimed exclusively at prisoners (so much so that I have never since then permitted it to be staged or even printed) and it addressed them on the subject of their concerns as prisoners. No doubt it was neither a good play nor well acted: the work of an amateur, the critics would say, a product of special circumstances. Nevertheless, as I addressed my comrades across the footlights, speaking to them of their state as prisoners, when I suddenly saw them so remarkably silent and attentive, I realized what theatre ought to be - a great collective, religious phenomenon. …" @default.
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• W188455449 date "1994-05-01" @default.
• W188455449 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W188455449 title "Sartre's Last Chance or What Is Unfinished Literature?" @default.
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