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• W1890619955 abstract "Aerosols affect our everyday life in many ways. Changes in visibility, allergies to pollen, spray cans and dosing of some medication are just a few examples of common aerosols. Aerosols may have more profound way to affect every one of us; through climate. Possible changes in aerosol particle concentrations and compositions may alter large precipitation patterns and change cloud albedo, and lifetime. To be able to predict future changes in climate, profound understating of physical and chemical processes affecting the atmospheric aerosol population is crucial. Nucleation, i.e. gas-to-liquid phase transition, is the fundamental step in particle formation in the atmosphere. Sulphuric acid is established to be one of key components in atmospheric nucleation, but other stabilizing species are needed to participate in the process to explain atmospheric nucleation. The identity of these species and the mechanisms of the process itself have been elusive. This thesis aims to gain insight on the species participating nucleation and the mechanism of the whole process. This thesis concentrates first to identify meteorological parameters controlling the atmospheric new particle formation. The information gathered from the field is used to design laboratory experiments more precise for the purpose of studying nucleation. The laboratory experiments were carried out using different flow tubes, first to test the limits of the Classical Nucleation Theory and later on to investigate sulphuric acid-water binary and sulphuric acid-water-base compound ternary nucleation. The precursor gas species were measured using mass spectrometers and ion chromatographs. The measured concentration of sulphuric acid from gas and particle phases were compared to theoretical prediction. The magnitude of the effect of base compounds on nucleation was estimated. The clustering of sulphuric acid molecules with other species was detected. Initial growth of clusters were studied in the point of view of sulphate containing species. The results from the laboratory experiments confirmed earlier results found in the literature that base compounds increase nucleation rates significantly. The measurements of the gasphase concentrations of these compounds set an upper limit, where the increasing effect is saturated. Comparison of the sulphuric acid concentrations measured with different techniques and with the theoretical approach showed order-of-magnitude discrepancy. The discrepancy was found to be due to clustering of sulphuric acid molecules with various species. Sulphate-containing species was found to be responsible of the initial growth of clusters in the flow tube measurements. Even though the species participating nucleation are still an open question, the work done in this thesis has helped to identify few of these species and the magnitude of their effect on nucleation. This thesis also helps to understand the initial growth of clusters in flow tube experiments and to identify possible limitation on instruments used commonly in atmospheric measurements." @default.
• W1890619955 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1890619955 creator A5078601915 @default.
• W1890619955 date "2015-10-30" @default.
• W1890619955 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1890619955 title "Experimental studies on nucleation and new particle formation" @default.
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