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• W1903378096 abstract "The bulk of language usage is conversational, involving rapid exchange of turns. New information about the turn-taking system shows that this transition between speakers is generally more than threefold faster than language encoding. To maintain this pace of switching, participants must predict the content and timing of the incoming turn and begin language encoding as soon as possible, even while still processing the incoming turn. This intensive cognitive processing has been largely ignored by the language sciences because psycholinguistics has studied language production and comprehension separately from dialog. This fast pace holds across languages, and across modalities as in sign language. It is also evident in early infancy in ‘proto-conversation’ before infants control language. Turn-taking or ‘duetting’ has been observed in many other species and is found across all the major clades of the primate order. Most language usage is interactive, involving rapid turn-taking. The turn-taking system has a number of striking properties: turns are short and responses are remarkably rapid, but turns are of varying length and often of very complex construction such that the underlying cognitive processing is highly compressed. Although neglected in cognitive science, the system has deep implications for language processing and acquisition that are only now becoming clear. Appearing earlier in ontogeny than linguistic competence, it is also found across all the major primate clades. This suggests a possible phylogenetic continuity, which may provide key insights into language evolution. Most language usage is interactive, involving rapid turn-taking. The turn-taking system has a number of striking properties: turns are short and responses are remarkably rapid, but turns are of varying length and often of very complex construction such that the underlying cognitive processing is highly compressed. Although neglected in cognitive science, the system has deep implications for language processing and acquisition that are only now becoming clear. Appearing earlier in ontogeny than linguistic competence, it is also found across all the major primate clades. This suggests a possible phylogenetic continuity, which may provide key insights into language evolution. the shape of parsing trees representing the structure of sentences: a verb-final language such as Japanese is likely to have a left-branching structure, whereas a verb-initial language such as Welsh is likely to have a right branching structure which facilitates prediction (on encountering ‘ate’ one can expect an edible and an eater): a branch of sociology that, through careful observation, has shed much light on human interactional language use. socially-learned variety of a language or bird song. term used in studies of animal communication to denote the coordination in time of communication between partners (especially songbird pairs), often alternating in turns. the family-level clade (Hominidae) including Homo, Pan (chimpanzees and bonobos), Gorilla and Pongo (orangutans), but excluding the Hylobates (gibbons). the first hominin species to exit Africa and widely colonize Eurasia in the early Pleistocene, sometimes distinguished from the African variety Homo ergaster. in language production, the size of a unit that is encoded as a chunk; in subject-initial languages such as English or Japanese (see Branching structure, above) the initial increment can be as little as the subject noun phrase, in verb-initial languages such as Mayan or Welsh the initial increment must be the entire clause because the verb requires one, two, or more participants. the measurement of changes of volume of air, thus shedding light on breathing necessitated by speaking. the alternation of vocalization between mother and infant before language acquisition. the study of language use; pragmatic heuristics are systematic interpretative rules of thumb (e.g., a sequential interpretation of tensed conjoined clauses, as in ‘He came and saw it’). properties of speech of longer duration than segments (vowels and consonants), especially intonation, tone, stress, and rhythm. the study of communication and sign systems in the broadest sense, for example beyond language. the point or intention behind an utterance (e.g., a request vs an offer, a statement vs a question), sometimes termed illocutionary force. conversational turn-taking offers a basis for the elaboration of special turn-taking systems wherein, for example, a chairman controls bids to talk in a committee meeting, or questions may only be asked by one specific party of another (as in courtroom cross-examination). the unit of conversational communication, expressing a speech act, averaging around 2 s in duration but highly variable; in spoken language, typically a phrase or clause grammatically and prosodically complete and pragmatically sufficient." @default.
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• W1903378096 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W1903378096 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1903378096 title "Turn-taking in Human Communication – Origins and Implications for Language Processing" @default.
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• W1903378096 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.010" @default.
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