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• W1905881288 abstract "Research Article1 March 1993free access Analysis of gene expression in mouse preimplantation embryos demonstrates that the primary role of enhancers is to relieve repression of promoters. S. Majumder S. Majumder Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author M. Miranda M. Miranda Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author M.L. DePamphilis M.L. DePamphilis Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author S. Majumder S. Majumder Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author M. Miranda M. Miranda Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author M.L. DePamphilis M.L. DePamphilis Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. Search for more papers by this author Author Information S. Majumder1, M. Miranda1 and M.L. DePamphilis1 1Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110. The EMBO Journal (1993)12:1131-1140https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05754.x Correction(s) for this article Erratum01 October 1993 PDFDownload PDF of article text and main figures. ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyWechatReddit Figures & Info Enhancers are generally viewed simply as extensions of promoters, lacking a function of their own. However, previous studies of mouse preimplantation embryos revealed that 1-cell embryos can utilize enhancer-responsive promoters efficiently without an enhancer, whereas 2-cell embryos require an enhancer to achieve the same levels of expression. This suggested that enhancers relieved a repression in 2-cell embryos that is absent in 1-cell embryos. Results presented here demonstrate first that the ability of 1-cell embryos to dispense with enhancers does not result from the absence of specific activation proteins. Under conditions where GAL4-VP16 activated a GAL4-dependent promoter in both embryos, GAL4-VP16 activated a GAL4-dependent enhancer only in 2-cell embryos. Moreover, the role of an enhancer is not to compensate for either changes in promoter requirements, or for reduced levels of promoter-specific transcription factors. Linker-scanning mutations in a natural promoter revealed that both embryos utilized the same promoter elements, and comparison of different promoters revealed that these embryos have equivalent transcriptional capacities. In addition, titration experiments revealed less Sp1 activity in 1-cell embryos where enhancers are dispensable than in 2-cell embryos where enhancers are required. Therefore, we propose that the primary function of enhancers, first evident with formation of a mouse 2-cell embryo, is to prevent repression of weak promoters, probably by altering chromatin structure. Consistent with this hypothesis is the fact that butyrate, an agent that alters chromatin structure, stimulated promoters in 2-cell embryos, but not in 1-cell embryos. Previous ArticleNext Article Volume 12Issue 31 March 1993In this issue RelatedDetailsLoading ..." @default.
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• W1905881288 title "Analysis of gene expression in mouse preimplantation embryos demonstrates that the primary role of enhancers is to relieve repression of promoters." @default.
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