FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W190837925> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W190837925 startingPage "3" @default.
• W190837925 abstract "Historians of Russia traditionally view the reign of Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740) as a period during which ethnic Germans dominated the Russian court and its policies, to the detriment of ethnic Russians. Yet few concrete examples exist of the way in which these German advisors to the tsaritsa interacted with each other and with foreign, especially British, representatives. Sources from a relatively obscure eighteenth-century diplomatic exchange demonstrate how the ethnic German members of the Russian court of Anna Ioannovna dealt with representatives of Great Britain. A clear example of this Anglo-German-Russian interaction can be seen in the negotiations for the Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty of 1734, particularly with regard to the counterbalancing roles of the two main Russian negotiators, Vice Chancellor Count Andrei Osterman and the infamous Count Ernst Johann Biron (Btihren), both ethnic Germans. Documents surrounding these negotiations also support the revised view of the of German-born advisors during the reign of Anna Ioannovna. They provide new insight into the historical role and perception of the tsaritsa's favorite, Count Biron, whose traditional image as the evil and controlling German behind the throne is so persistent that the reign continues to be described as the Bironovshchina, the Era of Biron. The negotiation of the Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty of 1734 provided the occasion for the ministerial interactions discussed here. The treaty has been described by Douglas Reading as post-Petrine Russia's first formal commercial agreement with any western European power. (1) It placed the substantial trade between the two signatories on a modern legal foundation for the first time in the history of their long commercial and diplomatic relationship. The treaty granted English merchants trading under the auspices of the Russia Company exceptional economic advantages and ensured their rights and privileges in Russia. Anthony Cross has credited this treaty with ushering in the golden age of the Russia Company's power and influence in St. Petersburg. (2) The British had pursued this type of commercial agreement with Russia for decades. The natural resources and agricultural products of the eastern Baltic region had long provided England with important naval commodities such as masts, pitch, tar, flax, and hemp. These supplies were essential to the maintenance and hegemony of the British navy. The navy, in turn, was essential to Great Britain's national security and commercial success. As Russia began to dominate the trade of the eastern Baltic, the stability and profitability of Anglo-Russian trade became increasingly important to the English court. In 1733, the British crown dispatched to St. Petersburg a diplomatic mission with the explicit purpose of negotiating a formal commercial agreement. By the end of the following year, the English merchants of the Russia Company celebrated the signing of the Anglo-Russian Commercial Treaty of 1734. Commerce between Britain and Russia flourished in its wake. Later Anglo-Russian negotiators used this first treaty as a model for all subsequent eighteenth century commercial agreements. The documents detailing this exchange are the official and personal papers of Great Britain's chief negotiator, George, Lord Forbes, who traveled to St. Petersburg expressly to conclude the Anglo-Russian treaty. Great Britain's King George II sent Forbes as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the court of the Russian tsaritsa, Anna Ioannovna, in May of 1733. He returned to England a year later having settled nearly every commercial dispute between St. Petersburg and London to Britain's advantage. His correspondence, diary, and journal of observations provide a wealth of information regarding Russia and the treaty that resulted from his mission. They describe the negotiations, as well as the Russian court and the individuals closest to the tsaritsa. …" @default.
• W190837925 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W190837925 creator A5058062538 @default.
• W190837925 date "2007-01-01" @default.
• W190837925 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W190837925 title "Anglo-Russian Relations during the 1730s: Evidence of the Impact of Germans at the Court of Anna Ioannovna" @default.
• W190837925 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
• W190837925 type Work @default.
• W190837925 sameAs 190837925 @default.
• W190837925 citedByCount "2" @default.
• W190837925 countsByYear W1908379252014 @default.
• W190837925 countsByYear W1908379252015 @default.
• W190837925 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W190837925 hasAuthorship W190837925A5058062538 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C137403100 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C154775046 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C166957645 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C199776023 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C2777228553 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C2779010840 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C2779387294 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C6303427 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W190837925 hasConcept C95457728 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C137403100 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C154775046 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C166957645 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C17744445 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C199539241 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C199776023 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C2777228553 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C2779010840 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C2779387294 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C6303427 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C94625758 @default.
• W190837925 hasConceptScore W190837925C95457728 @default.
• W190837925 hasLocation W1908379251 @default.
• W190837925 hasOpenAccess W190837925 @default.
• W190837925 hasPrimaryLocation W1908379251 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2015175957 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2076012318 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2079357405 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2116638324 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2321785277 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2327901560 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2333987152 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W244455104 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2461124142 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2480912496 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2485452329 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2500583933 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2504460658 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2553079595 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2892404040 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W2977544832 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W3009674575 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W3144028408 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W41826445 @default.
• W190837925 hasRelatedWork W71173917 @default.
• W190837925 hasVolume "16" @default.
• W190837925 isParatext "false" @default.
• W190837925 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W190837925 magId "190837925" @default.
• W190837925 workType "article" @default.